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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

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Eastern Europe

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

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Pavlíček, Vladimir

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Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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Czechoslovakia. Communist Party (CPCz)

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Sino-Soviet Relations

Cuban Foreign Relations

The Six-Day War (1967)

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Civic Forum (Czechoslovakia)

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Czechoslovakia. Embassy (China)

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Moskovsky, V. P. (Vasily)

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Novotny, Antonin

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Documents

November 30, 1967	Guidelines for the Czechoslovak Delegation attending the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament in 1967 The final instructions for the Czechoslovak delegation en route to Geneva for the ENDC in November 1967. The treaty was mostly finished by this time; only the final details remained. Denunciation of US foreign policy and prevention of West Germany’s nuclear weapon acquisition reappear in these instructions.
August 2, 1963	Antonín Gregor, 'Explanatory Memorandum [on the Limited Test Ban Treaty]' A report produced by the Czechoslovak foreign ministry in August 1963 recommending the ratification of Limited Test Ban Treaty (LTBT). One of the key goals of early Czechoslovak engagement in the ENDC was to reject a nuclear test ban, based on their rejection of any verification measures. However, once the Soviets agreed to the LTBT with the US and the United Kingdom, the Czechoslovak foreign ministry praised the agreement and attacked those (such as China) who resisted the measure. One interesting aspect of the treaty was the proposed role of depositary powers. The document indicates that the Soviets were interested in being a depositary power to the LTBT in order to prevent ratification by governments not recognized by the USSR, most notably West Germany and the Republic of China. The issue of depositary powers reappeared later on, in the NPT as well.
May 1963	Undated, untitled memorandum on Soviet-US Negotiations for the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty An undated memorandum, produced most likely in the late spring of 1963 (most likely in May) that outlines Soviet thinking on the most recent discussions with US representatives on the nuclear nonproliferation treaty. The memorandum is crystal clear that the key goal for Soviet negotiators was to avoid West German control over nuclear weapons. This is why Moscow opposed the idea of a Multilateral Nuclear Force. However, Soviet officials also admitted that it was better to agree to a treaty that did not explicitly prohibit a multilateral nuclear force as long as their US counterparts committed not to let West German authorities have an authoritative role in authorizing nuclear-weapon use
March 6, 1962	Resolution of the 186th Meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia of March 6, 1962, 'Preparation of Czechoslovak Delegation and Proposal to be Sent to the Eighteen Nation Committee on Disarmament' A record of the conclusions of the 186th meeting of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, which met on March 6, 1962. The attachment includes the initial instructions for the Czechoslovak delegations to the first meeting of ENDC. The document testifies to the strong preoccupation with West Germany’s re-armament, and the possibility of West Germany nuclear-weapon acquisition. Czechoslovakia travelled to Geneva with a goal of avoiding this outcome at any cost. Although the document offers a broad overview of the “lay of the land” ahead of the first meeting of ENDC, it is the focus on West Germany that is the most obvious here
May 28, 1960	Letter, Foreign Minister Václav David to Prime Minister Viliam Široký Czechoslovakia participated in the Ten Nation Committee on Disarmament, a short-lived outfit which was mired in superpower infighting and consequently made no substantive progress. This letter, written from Czechoslovakia’s Foreign Minister Václav David to Prime Minister Viliam Široký, is nonetheless informative, as its attachment contains a memorandum outlining Soviet proposals for general and complete disarmament in three phases.
June 1, 1989	Telegram No. 048 626 from the Czechoslovak Embassy, Beijing The Czechoslovak Ambassador in Beijing reports on the latest meetings with Chinese officials and the activities of demonstrators at Tiananmen Square.
June 5, 1989	Telegram No. 048 821 from the Czechoslovak Embassy, Beijing Saul reports on the aftermath of the Tiananmen Square crackdown.
June 2, 1989	Telegram No. 048 727 from the Czechoslovak Embassy, Beijing Saul indicates that the Chinese military will be called upon to clear Tiananmen Square.
June 2, 1989	Telegram No. 048 725 from the Czechoslovak Embassy, Beijing Saul describes the economic situation in China in the context of the Tiananmen Square protest movement.
June 2, 1989	Telegram No. 048 724 from the Czechoslovak Embassy, Beijing Saul describes divisions amongst the demonstrators at Tiananmen Square.