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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Sino-Soviet Relations

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

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Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

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The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

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North Korea-China friendship celebrated at the DPRK mass games

China-North Korea Relations

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Conversations with Mao Zedong

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949-

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912- 1994

Deng Xiaoping, 1979.

Deng, Xiaoping

1904- 1997

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February 26, 1971	From the Journal of M.G. Podol’sky, 'Record of a Conversation with R. Berthold, Counsellor of the GDR Embassy in Hanoi, 18 February 1971' A Soviet official in Vietnam recounts a meeting with an East German diplomat. The two sides discussed the nuclear threats from the United States in the Vietnam War, as well as relations with China.
June 3, 1989	China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan], 'The Situation in China (Student Demonstrations)' The document from the China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau of Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs reveals Japanese Embassy personnel observations of the events that took place in Xinjuamen and Xidan on the afternoon of June 3, 1989 following the Tiananmen Square incident. It also references Premier Li Peng and Defense Minister Qin Jeiwei’s response following the events.
June 20, 1989	China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan], 'The Chinese Student Movement (After Armed Suppression by the Military)' Report from the China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau of Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, on the subsequent actions of the United States, Britain, France, West Germany, and Canada.
June 3, 1989	Television News in Beijing at 7 o'clock in the Evening, June 3 Summary of the announcements of martial law in Beijing.
June 4, 1989	China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan], 'Use of Force by Chinese Martial Law Forces (Questions and Answers)' Report from the China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau of Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs on June 4, 1989 detailing Japan’s response to the use of force by Chinese martial law forces following the Tiananmen Square incident.
June 4, 1989	China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan], 'The Chinese Student Demonstrations (Part 2)' The document, written on June 4, 1989 and submitted by the China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau of Japan, lists the facts surrounding Beijing’s use of martial law authorities and military force during the Tiananmen Square incident on June 3, 1989. It details the background leading up to the imposition of the martial law, power struggles within the Chinese Communist Party, lateness in bringing the situation under control, and struggle for democratization and liberalization. It also indicates the impact of the Tiananmen Square incident and the CCP’s response as it pertains to the Party’s prestige and international image.
June 11, 1989	China Division, Asian Affairs Bureau [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan], 'The Situation in China (Moves to Bring the Situation Under Control)' Written on June 11, 1989, by Japan’s China Division, this document summarizes the activities of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) after the Tiananmen Square incident. It evaluates the CCP’s apparent change in party leadership, problems in domestic affairs, problems in promoting reform and opening, and effect on external relations.
June 21, 1989	Document for the Vice Minister from the Aid Policy Division, Economic Cooperation Bureau The document was written on June 21, 1989 by the Aid Policy Division, Economic Cooperation Bureau for the Vice Minister of Japan. The document focuses on how to respond to the Tiananmen Square incident and China’s means to which it modernizes and opens its economy. It urges the continuing of ongoing projects and eventual resumption of new economic projects in China once the situation stabilizes and dissuades from any substantial change in Japan’s economic policy towards China.
September 1989	Cable No. 2720, Ambassador Nakajima to the Foreign Minister, 'Japan-China Relations (Opinion Statement)' An opinion statement on Japan-China relations sent by Ambassador Nakajima to the Foreign Minister and Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Japan details Japan’s concerns over the Chinese government’s actions during the Tiananmen Square incident. Ambassador Nakajima provides an assessment of China’s response to foreign government’s sanctions, expresses uncertainty on future political developments in China, and provides policy prescriptions on Japan’s policy towards China going forward.
June 12, 1989	China Division [Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Japan], 'Our Country’s Future China Policy (Taking the Situation into Account)' Outline of Japan’s basic understanding of the situation in China in regards to the Tiananmen Square incident. The document discusses the ongoing approach to China, issues requiring specific examination, Japan-China bilateral economic relations, international diplomatic aspects, and points of consideration for future policy discussions.