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Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Cuban Foreign Relations

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Fidel Castro, 1959.

Castro, Fidel

1926- 2016

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Central Africa

Angola

Cuba and Southern Africa

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South America

Brazil

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

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Alekseyev, Alexander Ivanovich

1913- 1989

China and Latin America and the Caribbean

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Castro Ruz, Raul Modesto

1931-

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Risquet, Jorge

1930- 2015

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Kudryavtsev, Sergey Mikhailovich

1915- 1998

Sino-Soviet Relations

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March 22, 1965	Conversation between Raul Castro Ruz, and a member of the Polish Politburo, Cde. Zenon Kliszko During a trip from Orneta to Katowice, Raul Castro and Zenon Kliszko had conversation on the following topics: (1) assessment of the position of the Italian Communist Party, (2)assessment of the position of the Romanian Workers’ Party, (3) the UPSR and other Communist Parties in Asia, and (4) the Matter of a Former Member of the National Leadership UPSR – J. Ordoqui. For the Polish side, the program of the Italian Communist Party is not clear, particularly with regard to the question of establishing a uniform workers’ party.
March 20, 1965	Minutes of Conversation between Cuban Defense Minister Raúl Castro and Polish Leader Władysław Gomułka, Warsaw, 20 March 1965 During his visit in Poland, Castro relates Cuba's position on a conversation taken place in Moscow and why it may be of interest to the Cubans. Gomulka raises the issue of the missiles. In Gomulka's opinion two factors were decisive: contradictions which arose within the socialist camp and the policy which was conducted by Khrushchev. Gomulka is assured that US is capable of conducting a war with Cuba by way of conventional weapons, it does not have to use nuclear weapons. It is clear that the socialist camp and the USSR cannot defend Cuba in any other way but by using nuclear weapons. If a conflict is meant to be, then it will be a nuclear conflict, there is no other way. Gomulka further raises a question whether to go into a nuclear war or not. Castro disagrees with a manner nuclear weapons were withdrawn from Cuba by Soviets. Khruchshev explained that he did not have time. Per Gomulka, Khrushchev conducted a policy which was not thought-out and which was all-out. Gomulka further discusses his talks with Chinese and Vietnamese comrades re: nuclear weapons issue.
December 27, 1961	Meeting of the Planning Commission on Subjects Related to the VIII Consultation Meeting A collection of Brazilian ambassadors and ministers gather to meet and discuss the impact of Cuba-US relations on the region in preparation for a gathering of Organization of American States (OAS) foreign ministers scheduled for 22-31 January 1962. The government officials’ primary concerns are to manage the impact of the "Cuban problem" on domestic Brazilian politics and to develop an independent line of thought, without jeopardizing its relationship with the US. The officials want to craft an approach for the OAS meeting that will not cause Brazil to become a mediator between hostile parties nor incite Brazilian public opinion in favor of communism.
2008	Interview with Former Romanian Foreign Minister, Corneliu Mănescu, Regarding the Romanian Delegation’s Over-Flight of China and Visit to Moscow During the Cuban Missile Crisis (excerpts) Former Romanian Foreign Minister Corneliu Manescu discusses an incident involving the flight of a Romanian delegation over Chinese territory just prior to the Cuban Missile Crisis. Manescu reports that at the time, Romanian leader Gheorghiu-Dej interpreted miscommunication regarding their flightplan as a Soviet attempt on his life. He also discusses the Romanian response to the Cuban Missile Crisis.
January 8, 1965	Report, Embassy of Hungary in North Korea to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry The Hungarian Embassy to North Korea reports on information obtained through Soviet ambassador to North Korea, Vasily Moskovsky. The report summarizes negotiations between Alexei Kosygin, Soviet Council of Ministers Chairman, and a North Korean delegation to Moscow. The visit included discussions on the Soviet Union's military support to North Korea, particularly North Korea's distrust of Soviet support. The report notes, topics of discussion included the Cuban Missile Crisis, Gulf of Tonkin incident, and national liberation struggle in Asia and Africa.
August 1961	Note on Extending an Invitation to Escalante to Visit Bulgaria Dimo Dichev, Head of Foreign Policy and International Relations Department for the Bulgarian Communist Party's Central Committee, suggests inviting Cuban Communist leader Anibal Escalante to visit Bulgaria.
November 23, 1961	Note on Cuban Children's Visit to Bulgaria Konstantin Tellalov, Deputy Head of the Foreign Policy and International Relations Department of the Bulgarian Communist Party's Central Committee, reports on a visit of Cuban children to Bulgaria.
September 27, 1961	Update on Cuban Children Visiting Socialist Countries The Ministry of Foreign Affairs updates the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party on a group of Cuban children touring socialist countries.
August 22, 1961	Note on Visit of Cuban Children (Including Fidel Castro's son) to Bulgaria Through the Bulgarian Embassy in Havana the Deputy Foreign Minister learns about a group of Cuban children scheduled to visit Bulgaria. The group of children includes Fidel Castro's son.
December 31, 1975	Todor Zhivkov, Reports to Bulgarian Communist Party Politburo on his Visit to Cuba Todor Zhivkov reports his impressions of his recent visit to Cuba. The report is a rough outline of topics ranging from advancements in the Cuban revolution since 1959 to prospective ways to improve Bulgarian-Cuban relations. In the report Zhivkov presents his assessment of the Cuban Communist Party congress. Party documents show a maturing understanding of Marxism-Leninism and a new clarity in the Cuban Communist Party as a whole. Zhivkov’s report includes examples of Cuba’s self-criticism and Zhivkov’s own criticism of Cuba’s leadership. Some topics of discussion include: cultural and economic specialist exchanges, the price of sugar, Cuba’s increased collaboration with Soviet Union and other socialist nations, and economic subsidies and aid.