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Photograph of the Hands of Victory Monument in Baghdad.

Middle East

Iraq

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Photograph of Azadi Tower

Middle East

Iran

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein's Iraq

Kofi Annan and Saddam Hussein

Hussein, Saddam

1937- 2006

Photograph of the city of Kuwait.

Middle East

Kuwait

Emir Farid Chehab

Emir Farid Chehab Collection

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Iranian soldiers in the Iran-Iraq War

Iran-Iraq War

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

-

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Hartmann, Peter

1935-

The Osirak Air Raid

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924- 2018

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

Baker, James Addison

1930-

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August 1985	Special Envoy Nakayama’s Visit to Syria (Summary of Remarks and Response) This summary of Special Envoy Nakayama’s visit to Syria includes discussion of bilateral relations between Japan and Syria, cooperation in economic and technical fields, cultural exchange, peace in the Middle East, and the Iran-Iraq conflict.
July 26, 1985	[Draft] Letter, Shintaro Abe, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan, to George P. Shultz, Secretary of State In a letter to Secretary of State Schultz, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan Abe describes his visits with various countries in the Middle East after the ASEAN Post-Ministerial Conference with Dialogue Partners. He discusses the Iran-Iraq conflict, the American hostages held in Lebanon, and the general issue of peace in the Middle East.
July 26, 1985	Message to Secretary Shultz (Draft) This draft message to Secretary of State Schultz from a Japanese government official summarizes a series of trips to countries in the Middle East and appeals to the United States to assist in obtaining peace in the Middle East.
September 15, 1981	Memorandum for the President [Ronald Reagan] from Alexander M. Haig, Jr. Instructions for the U.S. delegation to the IAEA's annual General Conference (GC) which told them to anticipate a “severe attack” against Israel by objecting “vigorously [to] suspension of technical aid.” Later on, this instruction would change, and the delegation would be instructed to leave the building should the Israeli credentials be rejected.
June 7, 1981	Attack on the Iraqi Nuclear Research Centre, 7 June 1981: Statement by the Director General After the raid Israel initiated a PR campaign, explaining its reasoning behind the attack. Following this campaign, the second causality of the raid, in addition to Iraq’s reactor, was the credibility of the IAEA. And its officials staged their own counter campaign.
August 13, 1982	Memorandum for the President [Ronald Reagan] from Secretary Weinberger, ‘Weekly Report of Defense Activities’ Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger openly conveyed his dismay toward the Israeli leadership, expressing his support for the opposition, led by Shimon Peres.
January 8, 1982	Memorandum for the President [Ronald Reagan] from Secretary Weinberger, ‘Weekly Report to the President’ In a memorandum for the president from January 1982, Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger expressed his criticism of Israel’s Minister of Defense Ariel Sharon and his tendency of “going public whenever it suits him”.
June 12, 1981	Memorandum for the President [Ronald Reagan] from Walter J. Stoessel, Jr., ‘U.S. Strategy for UN Security Council Meeting on the Israeli Raid on the Iraqi Nuclear Facility’ This document outlines Haig's proposed political strategy, which was approved by Reagan on 12 June, and was constructed around the notion of red lines: Washington would harshly condemn Israel but would also “draw the line on punishment” by Israel.
June 11, 1981	Memorandum for the National Security Council from Richard V. Allen, ‘National Security Council Meeting (NSC), Friday, June 12, 1981, 11:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m.’ ACDA Director-Designate Eugene Rostow explains his pro-Israel stance, and argues that Israel should be given an exemption from the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty.
June 9, 1981	Memorandum for Richard V. Allen from Douglas J. Feith, ‘Israeli Raid on Iraqi Nuclear Facility’ NSC staffer Douglas J. Feith took the internal debate on the legitimacy of the raid a step further, stating that “no rebuke of Israel’s raid against Iraq should be issued without an equally emphatic rebuke of Iraq.” Feith’s argument was based on the fact that Iraq had continuously refused to acknowledge Israel’s existence and was officially at war with it.