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Southern Africa

South Africa

South African Nuclear History

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

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Central Africa

Angola

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Southern Africa

Namibia

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

-

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Nuclear Proliferation

Photograph from the 1995 NPT Review Conference

The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference

Cuba and Southern Africa

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Photograph of P.W. Botha

Botha, P. W. (Pieter Willem)

1916- 2006

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Botha, R. F. (Roelof Frederik) ("Pik")

1932-

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Malan, Magnus

1930- 2011

Margaret Thatcher in 1984

Thatcher, Margaret

1925- 2013

Israeli Nuclear History

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July 4, 1985	Letter from UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher to South African President P.W. Botha Letter from Margaret Thatcher to South African State President P. W. Botha, condemning South African attacks on Angola and Gaborone, and warning of some sort of response by Britain should they continue. Also notes that Britain has offered to provide military training to Mozambique via Zimbabwe.
June 12, 1985	Letter from South African President P.W. Botha to US President Ronald Reagan Letter from South African State President P. W. Botha to Ronald Reagan, which discusses South Africa's relations with Mozambique and Mozambique's move away from the Soviet Union. Argues that the West is not supplying enough economic and technical assistance to Mozambique or South Africa, and says that more aid will be necessary to help dissuade foreign interests from depleting the countries' resources.
February 15, 1983	Letter from Lawrence S. Eagleburger to R. F. Botha, Enclosing 'Soviets in Southern Africa' Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Lawrence Eagleburger forwards to "Pik" Botha a US assessment of Soviet strategy and actions in Southern Africa. The assessment notes that by decreasing the security concerns of Angola and Mozambique, they would decrease their dependence on the Soviet Union, and that, because of this, overt military intervention should be avoided.
February 15, 1983	Letter from Lawrence S. Eagleburger to R. F. Botha Letter from the US State Department to R. F. "Pik" Botha, thanking him for his interests in the US evaluation of Soviet intentions in the area. Notes the need for cooperation between the two countries in the future to ensure the best possible handling of Soviet issues.
April 28, 1989	Joint Press Statement on Namibia Press release describing a tripartite meeting between delegations from Angola, South Africa, and Cuba about troop withdrawal from Namibia. South African and SWAPO forces are restricted to their respective bases.
April 28, 1989	Press Release, SWAPO Dismisses South African Charges of Amassing Troops on Angola-Namibia Border SWAPO press release dismissing South African claims of instigation of violence as an attempt to influence the United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) against SWAPO. SWAPO asserts that South Africa hopes to encourage UNTAG to let South African forces off of their bases so that they can attack SWAPO without reprimand.
April 26, 1989	Letter from the President of South Africa P. W. Botha to the President of Zambia Requesting Pressure on SWAPO to Withdraw Armed Forces from Namibia Letter from South African President P. W. Botha to Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda asserting that SWAPO is the aggressor in excalation tensions between SWAPO and South African forces, and that South Africa is responding in measured and restrained ways. Asks for Zambia's assistance in convincing SWAPO to cease hostilities.
April 9, 1989	Mount Etjo Declaration, Namibia Declaration reaffirming the parties' (those of Angola, Cuba, and South Africa) commitment to a peaceful resolution in Southwest Africa. Also urges the most rapid deployment of the (United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) possible.
April 2, 1989	SWAPO Department of Information and Publicity, Statement on Cease-fire Violations in Namibia, Luanda Statement by Angolan authorities on military clashes between South African and SWAPO troops. Argues that South African claims of SWAPO instigation are false and misleading, and that the engagements were initiated by the South African military. Further, states that South Africans have been pursuing an anti-SWAPO political and military campaign, fighting and harassing SWAPO and SWAPO supporters.
July 20, 1988	Agreement between Angola, Cuba and South Africa, 'Principles for a Peaceful Settlement in Southwestern Africa' Lays out the conditions for the withdrawal of foreign forces from Namibia, agreed on by Angola, Cuba, and South Africa.