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Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

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South Asia

Afghanistan

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

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Najibullah, Mohammad

1947- 1996

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Middle East

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South Asia

Pakistan

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Ustinov, Dimitri F.

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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Relations

Soviet Foreign Policy

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Non-Aligned Movement

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September 17, 1979	Telegram from East German Embassy in Kabul to Socialist Unity Party (SED) General Secretary Erich Honecker, 17 September 1979 Report on the situation in Kabul following the overthrow of Nur Muhammad Taraki in a coup.
September 28, 1978	Dispatch from the Head of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPCz) Central Committee’s International Relations Department M. Stefanak to the Czechoslovak Embassy in Kabul Report that Afghan politician Babrak Karmal was undergoing treatment for heart problems in Czechoslovakia.
August 23, 1990	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with President of Afghanistan Najibullah Gorbachev and Najibullah discuss the instability in the Soviet Union following perestroika reforms, and the comparatively quiet situation in Afghanistan following the withdrawal of Soviet troops.
June 13, 1988	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with President of Afghanistan, General Secretary of the CC PDPA Najibullah Gorbachev and Najibullah discuss perestroika and the reforms taking place in the Soviet Union, and the ongoing withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan.
April 7, 1988	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with President of Afghanistan, General Secretary of the CC PDPA Najibullah, Tashkent Najibullah and Gorbachev discuss the situation in Afghanistan, the politics of the new government, plans for the withdrawal of Soviet troops, and the Geneva Accords signed in 1988 to facilitate it.
March 29, 1988	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with the General Secretary of the Italian Communist Party [PCI] Alessandro Natta Gorbachev explains to Natta about issues with the Soviet withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan, including disagreements with the United States on the plans for the coalition government.
February 22, 1988	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with US Secretary of State G. Shultz Gorbachev and Shultz discuss issues in the Middle East, including the Soviet withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan and the Iran-Iraq War.
February 11, 1988	Record of a Conversation of M. S. Gorbachev with Indian Minister of Defense Krishna Chandra Pant Gorbachev and Pant discuss Soviet and Indian foreign relations and the situation in Afghanistan and neighboring Pakistan.
December 10, 1987	Conversation between M. S. Gorbachev and US Vice President George H. W. Bush Gorbachev asks Bush to halt US aid to opposition forces in Afghanistan to assist Soviet troop withdrawal.
December 10, 1987	Conversation between M.S. Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan on Afghanistan (Excerpt) Gorbachev and Reagan discuss the withdrawal of Soviet troops in Afghanistan. Gorbachev asks that on the day they begin the withdrawal the United States also cease supporting the opposition forces.