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South Asia

Afghanistan

Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

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Zaikov, L. N. (Lev Nikolaevich)

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Shevardnadze, Eduard Amvrosievich

1928- 2014

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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South Asia

Pakistan

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Middle East

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Mitrokhin Archive

Soviet Foreign Policy

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

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June 23, 1990	National Intelligence Daily for Saturday, 23 June 1990 The CIA’s National Intelligence Daily for Saturday, 23 June 1990 describes the latest developments in USSR, Yugoslavia, Palestine, West Germany and South Africa.
October 15, 1980	Report by Permanent Representative to NATO Vincenzo Tornetta to Minister of Foreign Affairs Colombo: Atlantic Council - Consultations about security in view of the CSCE meeting to be held in Madrid" Report from the Italian permanent representative to NATO, Tornetta, from the CSCE meeting in Madrid discusses the French proposal for a Conference on Disarmament (CDE) in Europe, and the negative impact of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan on the international climate, even giving rise to disagreement among NATO members.
April 5, 1989	Record of Conversation between M.S. Gorbachev and Prime Minister of Great Britain Margaret Thatcher (at the Airport and on the way to the Embassy), London M.S. Gorbachev and Margaret Thatcher discuss global geopolitical issues, particularly growing terrorist organizations across Africa.
March 14, 1985	Memorandum of Conversation Between M. S. Gorbachev and General Secretary of the CC NDPA [National Democratic Party of Afghanistan], Chairman of the Revolutionary Council of DRA [Democratic Republic of Afghanistan] B. Karmal. Gorbachev and Chairman Karmal discuss the future of Afghanistan with less intervention from the Soviets.
December 22, 1980	Information about Results of the Visit by L. I. Brezhnev in India (8 to 11 December 1980) Description of Brezhnev visit to India (1980 December), and summary of his discussions with Indira Gandhi and the Communist Party of India (ICP). With Gandhi, Brezhnev discusses a wide range of international issues, including increased US military presence in the Indian Ocean, the Iran-Iraq conflict, and Soviet involvement in Afghanistan. Gandhi both expresses sympathy for Soviet situation in Afghanistan but also calls for withdrawal of troops. Both sides criticize Pakistan for taking action to destabilize region, and both sides criticize China for policy on sub-continent; Soviets accuse china of "direct support for imperialist policy."
May 1987	Plan of Negotiations between M.S. Gorbachev and the President of the United States of America, R. Reagan before the first trip to Washington Soviet plan for negotiations between Gorbachev and Reagan. Topics covered include peacemaking efforts in the Near East, nuclear limitation, and the issue of Afghanistan.
December 4, 1979	Telegram from Chief Soviet Military Adviser, 'Report from Kabul' H. Amin requests subunits of Soviet Internal Troops capable of keeping order in the northern regions together with the DRA people’s militia.
December 2, 1979	Telegram from Chief Soviet Military Adviser, 'Report from Kabul' H. Amin requests that the Soviet government send one reinforced regiment to Badakhshan.
December 11, 1989	Letter from CPSU General Secretary Mikhail S. Gorbachev to Afghan Government Gorbachev discusses the necessity of intra-Afghan peace talks. At the same time, the Soviet Union will provide military assistance, weapons, and aircraft to Afghanistan to retaliate against opposition.
November 5, 1989	Letter from Afghan President Najibullah to CPSU General Secretary Mikhail S. Gorbachev (Excerpt) Najibullah requests for technical aid and additional supplies from the USSR to support the war in Afghanistan.