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Angola--History--Civil War, 1975-2002--Participation, Cuban Clear All

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Central Africa

Angola

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

Cuba and Southern Africa

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Risquet, Jorge

1930- 2015

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Southern Africa

South Africa

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Van-Dunem, Afonso ("M'Binda")

1941- 2014

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Crocker, Chester A.

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Fidel Castro, 1959.

Castro, Fidel

1926- 2016

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Southern Africa

Namibia

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Santos, José Eduardo dos

1942- 2022

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Rosales, Ulises

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Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Sino-Vietnamese War, 1979

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Cambodian-Vietnamese War, 1977-1991

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October 19, 1978	Statement by South African Prime Minister P.W. Botha Regarding Talks with the Western Five (excerpts) Excerpts of a statement by P.W. Botha discussing South Africa's concern with the independence and security of its neighbors. Emphasizes South Africa's wish and ability to provide Namibia with continued money and infrastructure and warns against the threat that a Marxist Namibia would pose to the free world.
2001	Anatoly Adamishin, 'The White Sun of Angola' (excerpts) Anatoly Adamishin explains the crucial role that Cubans played in the Angolan conflict. Through large scale Cuban involvement, the cost for South Africa to continue its involvement in the conflict became too high and led to peace talks. However, the author still underlines the fact that it was Soviet arms that the Cubans were using in their fighting.
1989	Defense Intelligence Agency Briefing, 'The 1987-88 Combat in Southern Angola: Lessons Learned' Analysis of the military campaign waged in Southern Angola in 1987-88 as well as the lessons learned from this exchange. Document indicates that FAPLA failed to learn from its mistakes, while UNITA adapted much more effectively to the combat environment it faced in Angola. Although FAPLA managed to hold on to Cuito Cuanavale, its large losses led to a Cuban build-up in Southern Angola, which challenged the existing military balance in the region. This provided new impetus to peace negotiations and resulted in the December 1988 Accords among South Africa, Angola and Cuba.
March 18, 1988	Confidential Telegram from USINT Havana to Secretary of State George Shultz, 'Cuban Armed Forces Ministry Communique on Cuban-Angolan Defense of Cuito Cuanavale' A Cuban Defense Ministry communiqué details the “heroic defense” by Cuban and Angolan troops of Cuito Cuanavale against a South African onslaught. The brunt of the fighting was done by local Angolan forces, which successfully managed to repel the South African invaders.
January 29, 1988	Confidential Telegram from USINT Havana to Secretary of State George Shultz,'The Military Situation in Angola -- Cubans Deny UNITA Seizure of Strategic Town' A telegram from United States Interests Section in Havana to Secretary of State Shultz describing Cuban reactions to reports that UNITA captured the strategic Angolan town of Cuito Cuanavale, capital city of Cuando Cubango. Cuban press call such claims false and lies of the racist South Africans.
December 2, 1987	Confidential Telegram from USINT Havana to Secretary of State George Shultz, 'Cuba Describes Geographic Position and Military Role of its Forces in Angola' Telegram from United States Interests Section in Havana to Secretary of State George Shultz describing the placement of Cuban forces in Angola and the justification that they are not taking part in active combat.
1975	Meeting Transcript, Kissinger and Brezhnev Discuss Angola in Moscow Kissinger questions Brezhnev about Cuban involvement in Angola and asks if the Cubans will withdraw if the South Africans do. Brezhnev gives no definitive answers.
1998	Interview with Robert W. Hultslander, Last CIA Station Chief in Luanda, Angola CIA station chief in Luanda, Hultslander gives his perspective on the US involvement in Angola. In his interview he explains what the US knew about liberation movements prior to the outbreak of Civil War, his opinion on the CIA covert action program IAFEATURE, the Cuban presence in Angola and his assessment of the leading factions in Angola; MPLA, UNITA and FNLA.
January 31, 1989	Memorandum of Conversation between Jorge Risquet and Alexander Yakovlev on 29 January 1989, enclosed in Risquet to Fidel Castro Jorge Risquet was Castro’s point man for Angola; Alexander Yakovlev was a member of the Soviet Politburo and the Central Committee secretary in charge of foreign relations.
December 17, 1988	Memorandum of Conversation between Fidel Castro and José Eduardo dos Santos José Eduardo dos Santos was the president of Angola.