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Euratom

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Western Europe

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North America

United States

Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)

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Western Europe

France

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Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Western Europe

Great Britain

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British Nuclear History

"The Bundeshaus (Federal Building) in Bonn, West Germany, May 1961. "

Western Europe

West Germany

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Wilson, James Harold

1916- 1995

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Couve de Murville, Maurice

1907- 1999

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George-Brown, George Alfred Brown, Baron

1914- 1985

Nuclear Proliferation

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Wells, Algie A.

-

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Schaetzel, J. Robert

1917-

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Zuckerman, Solomon ("Solly"), Baron Zuckerman

1904- 1993

French Nuclear History

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October 9, 2020	Interview with Michael Yaffe Michael Yaffe is a former US diplomat. He served as a member of the US delegation to ACRS.
November 22, 2019	Leonard Weiss, 'My Involvement with the 1979 Vela Satellite (6911) Event' Statement made by Leonard Weiss about his memories of the 1979 VELA Incident.
January 20, 1964	Note on Euratom Internal Situation Note on memorandum by J. Gueron General Director of Research and Education Euratom to MIC G. Medici suggesting to suppress national nuclear programs and to redirect Italian nuclear development either within the cadre of the European Community programs carried out at the EURATOM centers, or in association with foreign programs (French and German).
November 26, 1969	US Embassy Bonn Telegram 15293, 'NPT – Text of FRG Note on NPT Signature' This telegram detailed the conditions under which the West German's would ratify the NPT, which depended on the results of EURATOM-IAEA safeguards negotiations.
June 11, 1963	A.A. Wells, Director of Office of International Affairs, AEC, to Dr. Ragnar Rollefson, Director, Office of International Scientific Affairs, 'Reported Franco-German Cooperation in Development of the French Gaseous Diffusion Efforts' In this memorandum, Wells reported on comments that West German Minister for Scientific Research Hans Lenz made during a meeting at the Atomic Energy Convention. Noting that West Germany had been holding talks with the French and EURATOM about building a reprocessing plant at Karlsruhe, Lenz “implied that this proposal quite likely had resulted in reports that Germany might be undertaking a cooperative program with France in the development of their gaseous diffusion plant at Pierrelatte.” Lenz then reaffirmed West Germany's commitment to the 1955 Brussels Treaty pledge, declaring that West Germany would not initiate action to develop military applications of atomic energy.
February 7, 2017	Oral History Interview with Ben Sanders Co-founder of the Programme for Promoting Nuclear Non-Proliferation (PPNN) and advisor to the Conference President Dhanapala.
April 12, 1967	Intelligence Note from Thomas L. Hughes to the Acting Secretary, 'Soviets Continue to Denounce American Interpretation of Nonproliferation Treaty' The Soviets were insisting that article III on safeguards mention only the IAEA but not the European Atomic Energy Community [EURATOM], even though West Germany and other EURATOM members resisted the idea of IAEA inspections in Western Europe. It would take quite a few months before the Article III wording was to everyone’s satisfaction, but the Soviets also objected to US interpretations of the proposed Article II which would permit a nuclear-armed, united Western Europe.
October 5, 1967	Aide-Memoire to Commissioner Martino by Robert Schaetzel, 'Article III of the Non-Proliferation Treaty' This memorandum to Commissioner Martino from Ambassador Schaetzel accepts the Soviet Draft Article III as he believes it will permit non-nuclear Euratom countries to negotiate collectively with the IAEA and permit a satisfactory verification concept.
January 18, 1968	Presentation to the Institute of International Law Gottingen University by Felix Oboussier, 'Potential Impacts of Non-Proliferation Treaty Draft on the Euratom Treaty' This presentation, given by Felix Oboussier, discusses the potential impacts the NPT may have on the Euratom Treaty. He concludes that a definitive opinion on the whether or not the requirements and objections of non-nuclear member states have been fully taken into account seems premature.
January 1968	Jan Gijssels, 'Euratom and the Draft Non-Proliferation Treaty of Nuclear Weapons in Terms of Law' This article by Jan Gijssels discusses the legal implications of Euratom and the proposed Non-Proliferation Treaty.