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Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

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The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Eastern Europe

Romania

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Walesa, Lech

1943-

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

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Eastern Europe

Hungary

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Caranfil, Gheorghe

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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Chernyaev, A. S.

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Civic Forum (Czechoslovakia)

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Berlin Wall between Mitte and Kreuzberg

Berlin Wall

German Reunification

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Group photo from the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group Operational Basket Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, April 4-6, 1995.

ACRS Oral History Project

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May 28, 1987	Letter from Rolf Berthold to Cde. Erich Honecker In anticipation of a visit by Zhao Ziyang to East Germany, the Ambassador of the GDR in Beijing reports on China's economic reforms, the leadership within the Chinese Communist Party, and China's relations with the GDR, the Soviet Union, the United States, and Japan.
August 24, 1989	Information of the Romanian Embassy in Budapest to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1415 hrs A Romanian official at the Embassy in Budapest reports on the Hungarian response to Ceaușescu's 19 August 1989 appeal regarding the situation in Poland.
August 22, 1989	Report of the Embassy of Romania in Warsaw to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 0145 hr Romanian Ambassador to Poland Ion Tesu reports on the Polish response to Ceaușescu's 19 August message to all of the socialist countries. Includes a written response from the PUWP leadership
August 21, 1989	Transcript of Meeting of the Executive Politburo of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party Ceauşescu and the Romanian Executive Politburo discuss events in Poland in August 1989 and Ceauşescu's message to the other socialist countries concerning it.
September 23, 1989	Record of Conversation Between Mikhail Gorbachev and Prime Minister of Great Britain Margaret Thatcher Gorbachev and Thatcher discuss reforms in the Soviet Union and issues with inter-ethnic tensions. Thatcher states that she is not in support of German unification.
November 18, 1989	Excerpt from Protocol No. 182 of the Meeting of the Politburo CC CPSU, 'On Additional Measures in the Informational Sphere' Proposal recommending increased openness, freedom of speech, and the end of restrictions on the press in the Soviet Union, including the free distribution of foreign media.
December 4, 1989	Minutes of Conversation between Gorbachev and Romanian Leader Ceausescu Minutes of Conversation between Soviet leader Michael Gorbachev and Romanian leader Nicolae Ceausescu on the status of the East European regimes and Soviet-Romanian bilateral relations. The two leaders discuss the history of Communism, the events taking place in other East European countries, the future of Romania and the Soviet Union and the nature and state of bilateral relations between the two countries.
September 22, 1989	Presidential National Security Directive 23, "Untied States Relations with the Soviet Union" Presidential directive from George Bush regarding the changing nature of relations between the Soviet Union and the United States and the end of US containment policy.
September 26, 1987	Stasi Note on Meeting Between Minister Mielke and Head of the KGB 5th Directorate Abramov Meeting between the head of the KGB’s Fifth Chief Directorate, Major General Abramov, and Minister for State Security Mielke, especially on changes in Soviet policy following Mikhail Gorbachev’s accession to power. They discuss the increase in dissident activity, public demonstrations, and subversive organizations.
November 10, 1989	Excerpt from the Diary of Anatoly Chernyaev Excerpt from Anatoly Chernyaev’s diary following the fall of the Berlin War, praising Gorbachev’s vision