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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Photograph of 38th parallel crossing during Korean War

Korean War, 1950-1953

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

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Northern Africa

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989-

Group photo from the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group Operational Basket Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, April 4-6, 1995.

ACRS Oral History Project

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

American diplomat William Averell Harriman

Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell)

1891- 1986

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Fahmy, Nabil‏

-

Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

East German Uprising

Sino-Soviet Relations

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September 13, 2020	Interview with Fred Axelgard Fred Axelgard is a former US diplomat. He served as a member of the US delegation to ACRS.
July 2, 1957	Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy in the Senate, Washington, D.C., July 2, 1957 On July 2, 1957, US senator John F. Kennedy made his perhaps best-known senatorial speech—on Algeria. Home to about 8 million Muslims, 1.2 million European settlers, and 130,000 Jews, it was from October 1954 embroiled in what France dubbed “events”—domestic events, to be precise. Virtually all settlers and most metropolitan French saw Algeria as an indivisible part of France. Algeria had been integrated into metropolitan administrative structures in 1847, towards the end of a structurally if not intentionally genocidal pacification campaign; Algeria’s population dropped by half between 1830, when France invaded, and the early 1870s. Eighty years and many political turns later (see e.g. Messali Hadj’s 1927 speech in this collection), in 1954, the Front de Libération Nationale (FLN) launched a war for independence. Kennedy did not quite see eye to eye with the FLN. As Kennedy's speech shows, he did not want France entirely out of North Africa. However, he had criticized French action already in early 1950s Indochina. And in 1957 he met with Abdelkader Chanderli (1915-1993), an unaccredited representative of the FLN at the United Nations in New York and in Washington, DC, and a linchpin of the FLN’s successful international offensive described in Matthew Connelly’s A Diplomatic Revolution: Algeria’s Fight for Independence and the Origins of the Post-Cold War Era (2002). Thus, Kennedy supported the FLN’s demand for independence, which explains its very positive reaction to his speech. And thus, unlike the 1952-1960 Republican administration of Dwight Eisenhower (1890-1969) that officially backed the views of NATO ally France and kept delivering arms, the Democratic senator diagnosed a “war” by “Western imperialism” that, together with if different from “Soviet imperialism,” is “the great enemy of … the most powerful single force in the world today: ... man's eternal desire to be free and independent.” (In fact, Kennedy’s speech on the Algerian example of Western imperialism was the first of two, the second concerning the Polish example of Sovietimperialism. On another, domestic note, to support African Algeria’s independence was an attempt to woe civil-rights-movement-era African Americans without enraging white voters.) To be sure, Kennedy saw France as an ally, too. But France’s war was tainting Washington too much, which helped Moscow. In Kennedy’s eyes, to support the US Cold War against the Soviet Union meant granting Algeria independence. The official French line was the exact opposite: only continued French presence in Algeria could keep Moscow and its Egyptian puppet, President Gamal Abdel Nasser, from controlling the Mediterranean and encroaching on Africa.
January 25, 1961	Report of the Results of the Examinations held with Cosmonaut Students of the Air Force’s Cosmonaut Training Center Results of examinations held with the core group of cosmonaut trainees at the Cosmonaut Training Center.
June 26, 1958	Letter, A. Bakulev et al. to Comrade N.S. Khrushchev Proposal from biomedicine specialists addressed to Nikita Khrushchev to create a new scientific-research institution dedicated solely to study the biomedical aspects of space exploration. The authors ask that a unit from the Air Force’s existing Institute of Aviation Medicine be detached and made into a new institute for space medicine.
June 29, 2020	Interview and Discussion with Sir Malcolm Rifkind Discussion with Sir Malcolm Rifkind, former Defense Secretary and Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom, about the 1990s and the new relationship that formed after the Cold War.
April 25, 1970	Memorandum of Conversation between Yitzak Rabin and Henry Kissinger Rabin and. Kissinger discuss the Soviet's participation in the Egyptian Air Force, an increase in Egyptian air attacks on Israel, and potential American responses.
November 8, 2019	The VELA Incident: A Statement Written by Dr. Alan Berman A statement written by Dr. Alan Berman about the 1979 VELA Incident.
September 23, 1944	Stalin’s Conversation with Ambassadors Harriman and Kerr Ambassadors Harriman and Kerr discuss Stalin's surprise about the Warsaw Uprising, the Russian's engaging with the Japanese after Germany's defeat, and the next Big Three Meeting.
August 9, 1944	Conversation Between Mikolajczyk and Stalin Stalin and Mikolajczyk discuss aid to Polish fighters in Warsaw and Post War Poland and Germany
August 7, 1944	Mikolajczyk and Stalin Meet for a Second Time Stanislaw Mikolajczyk and Stalin discuss military aid to Poland.