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Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Eastern Europe

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Eastern Europe

Hungary

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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American Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (AMCOMLIB)

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Sargeant, Howland H.

1911- 1984

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Meyer, Cord

1920- 2001

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Dulles, Allen

1893- 1969

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Wisner, Frank G., Sr.

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Head of a toppled Stalin statue in Budapest, 1956

1956 Polish and Hungarian Crises

Mass Media and Censorship

East German Uprising

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

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Prague Spring, 1968

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April 11, 1983	Letter with Opinion of Małgorzaty Mehnel–Szyc on Radio Free Europe and the Case against Zdzisław Najder RFE Polish Service Director Zdzisław Najder was, like Col. Ryszard Kuklinski and Polish ambassadors who defected after the imposition of martial law, sentenced to death in absentia for treason. This document is an “expert opinion” to the effect that Najder required CIA support to become Polish Service Director.
February 18, 1972	Polish Interior Ministry Note on Joint Meeting with PUWP CC on Actions against 'Centers of Subversion' These two Interior Ministry documents indicate Edvard Gierek’s concern with uncensored information (“rumors” and “gossip”) challenging his policies, and his focus on RFE as a key instrument of “Western subversion.”
March 23, 1955	Polish Interior Ministry Report on Intercepted Letters Sent to Radio Free Europe Cover Addresses This document is an early reflection of concern with RFE’s impact in Poland. Particular attention is given to the broadcasts of Jószef Światło, the senior Interior Ministry official who defected in December 1953.
March 31, 1953	Polish Proposal for Bloc-wide Coordination of Radio Jamming This unsourced document prepared in March 1953 in only three copies, one of which went to Politburo member Jakob Berman, suggested the need for multilateral Soviet bloc coordination of jamming efforts.
October 8, 1963	Minutes of Hungarian Politburo Meeting on Jamming of Western Radio Politburo discussion of a report prepared for the Hungarian Politburo in1963 which concluded that current jamming efforts were ineffective. It provided two options for the Politburo: to maintain and redirect jamming, focusing it on RFE, or to end it entirely. Noteworthy is the assessment that the West has outstripped the Soviet bloc in terms of transmitters, and the assumption that ending jamming might be used as a bargaining chip to soften Western broadcasts.
October 1, 1963	Report to Hungarian Politburo on Jamming of Western Radio This report prepared for the Hungarian Politburo in 1963 concluded that current jamming efforts were ineffective. It provided two options for the Politburo: to maintain and redirect jamming, focusing it on RFE, or to end it entirely.
April 11, 1969	Report to CPSU Central Committee on Visit of Czech Delegation to Discuss Countering Enemy Propaganda in Czechoslovakia This document indicates the continuing influence of German-language and other Western media in Czechoslovakia nine months after the Soviet invasion of August 1968. Czechoslovak officials criticized the heavy-handed Soviet broadcasts of Radio Vltava, and viewed other Soviet proposals to counter Western influence as counterproductive.
September 30, 1975	Czechoslovak Interior Ministry Note on Actions of Agent Minarik against Radio Free Europe Pavel Minarik worked at RFE from 1968 to 1976 as an agent of the Czechoslovak Intelligence Service. During these years he provided many documents and analyses to the Service. This document contains Interior Minister Obzina’s approval of an Intelligence Service plan to recall and publicize Minarik’s activities. Minarik was recalled to Prague and surfaced at a staged press conference in 1976.
September 19, 1956	Czechoslovak Politburo Resolution on Plan to 'Counter the Czechoslovak Reactionary Exiles' This Czechoslovak Politburo Resolution of 1956 approved an Interior Ministry plan to counter “reactionary exiles.” Radio Free Europe was an important target, and a series of disinformation actions were planned to disrupt its operations.
1979	Bulgarian Interior Ministry Note on Actions against Western Radio A Bulgarian Interior Ministry paper details coordinated actions against Western radio in the aftermath of the May 1977 Budapest meeting of Bloc security services. The paper identifies RFE, and notably several of its broadcasters who recently defected from Bulgaria, as a major threat. It accuses Western media of sensationalizing the murder of Georgi Markov (who was killed by the Zhivkov regime).