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Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

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Eastern Europe

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

Project RYaN

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Soviet Union. Committee for State Security (KGB)

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Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Todor Zhivkov Collection

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Mitrokhin, Vasili

1922- 2004

Mitrokhin Archive

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Kalatozov, Mikhail

1903- 1973

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Germany (East). Ministry for State Security (Stasi)

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

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Bulgaria. Ministry of Internal Affairs

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Truman with Attlee and Stalin at Potsdam

Cold War Origins

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March 10, 1938	Report on Imre Nagy’s Arrest by the NKVD (Commissariat of Internal Affairs) Matusov and Altman report on Nagy's arrest on 4/5 March 1938 and subsequent release on 8 March, and describe some of his work.
September 4, 1930	Imre Nagy’s OGPU (Unified State Political Directorate) Enlistment Certificate signed by Imre Nagy upon enlistment in the OGPU secret police (later the NKVD).
November 23, 1960	International Operations Division, Management Turmoil at Radio Free Europe The IOD officer responsible for RFE informs Cord Meyer of the turmoil in the RFE Czechoslovak Service. He opines that resignation of the RFE Munich leadership [European Director Erik Hazelhoff and his deputies David Penn and Charles J. McNeill] “would be an extremely healthy thing.”
October 24, 1956	Memorandum from [redacted] for Chief, ICD, ‘Guidance to Radio Liberation from New York on Satellite Situation’ The International Operations Division officer responsible for Radio Liberty notes to Cord Meyer his disagreement with RL’s policy of avoiding all commentary on the Hungarian Revolution. He cites Meyer’s intention to discuss the issue with AMCOMLIB president Sargeant.
September 25, 1986	Meeting Minutes of the Politburo of the CC CPSU, Regarding Persecution of Political Dissidents and Spies In this September 1986 excerpt, Gorbachev receives a report from KGB chief Chebrikov that he had requested on “what kinds of people are serving sentences for crimes, which Western propaganda calls political.” Obviously following Gorbachev’s lead, Chebrikov proposes to alleviate the prison sentences of two-thirds of the 240 persons he lists under this category; but, in response to a question from Gromyko, he notes two cases where the guilty parties had already received a sentence that could not be reduced—execution for espionage.
November 5, 1968	Report Relayed by Andropov to the CPSU Central Committee, 'Students and the Events in Czechoslovakia' KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov presents a secret, 33-page report to the CPSU Central Committee about the mood of Soviet college students. The report had been completed sometime before the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, and had been circulating within the KGB. It is not clear precisely who drafted the report, but Andropov’s cover memorandum and the report itself indicate that the author was a college student in Odessa who had recently finished his degree.
June 7, 1960	Note from KGB Chairman A. Shelepin to Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Regarding Plan to Discredit CIA Chief Dulles Shelepin sets out a plan to discredit CIA chief Allen Dulles.
September 26, 1987	Stasi Note on Meeting Between Minister Mielke and Head of the KGB 5th Directorate Abramov Meeting between the head of the KGB’s Fifth Chief Directorate, Major General Abramov, and Minister for State Security Mielke, especially on changes in Soviet policy following Mikhail Gorbachev’s accession to power. They discuss the increase in dissident activity, public demonstrations, and subversive organizations.
August 24, 1984	Deputy Minister Markus Wolf, Stasi Note on Meeting with KGB Experts on the RYAN Problem, 14 to 18 August 1984 Memorandum summarizing consultations between the Stasi and KGB over RYAN (Raketno-Yadernoe Napadenie, or “nuclear weapon attack”), an intelligence program initiated by the KGB to collect indicators of a potential nuclear first-strike by the US. The KGB had developed a new system for the early detection of war preparations for a first-strike attack, which should provide evidence of such preparations on the basis of “objective” indicators that would be hard to manipulate.
March 31, 1984	KGB Report on New Elements in US Policy toward the European Socialist Countries Information from the KGB shared with the Stasi about a high-level review of US policy by the Department of State. Presidential Directive [NS-NSDD] 54 from [September] 1982 made the main US objective to subvert Soviet influence in Eastern Europe.