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Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)

1957-

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The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference

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Michal Onderco

Onderco, Michal

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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989-

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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December 27, 1972	Ministry of Foreign Affairs Telespresso (Circular), 'Ministerial session of the Atlantic Council, 7th-8th December 1972' Italian perspective on the NATO Council of Ministers meeting in Brussels that discussed the credibility of Western European defense. The document highlights the need for a unified and cohesive negotiation strategy among the allies.
October 14, 1960	Cable from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'Response on Our Attitude toward Khrushchev's Remarks at the 15th UNGA' The Chinese Foreign Ministry offers instructions for how embassies should respond to Nikita Khrushchev's speech at the 15th United Nations General Assembly.
December 15, 1957	Announcement from the Chinese Government Supporting the Soviet Union's Suggestion for Peace The Chinese Government endorses a proposal by the Soviet Union for the USSR, the US, and the UK to halt nuclear weapons tests.
February 27, 1986	Brussels to Department of External Affairs (Canada), 'Zero Option and the Europeans' Canadian officials warned of disagreement to come between the Europeans and the Americans over the “zero option,” the longstanding proposal to reduce both US and Soviet INF to zero. This dispatch from Brussels reported “substantial unhappiness” amongst the Europeans that the United States and the Soviet Union would discuss disarmament “even if neither of them believed in it.” Nuclear deterrence had prevented war in Europe for the preceding four decades, and US-Soviet discussions of disarmament only made it even more difficult to convince public opinion of deterrence’s continued importance
1989	Concept Paper on Military Cooperation with Foreign (Non-Socialist) Countries for the Period 1990-1995 This concept paper addresses the need to base decisions about the nature of military cooperation on the Soviet Union’s long term goal of ending the arms race and moving toward disarmament. It also details how this decision-making should look in specific developing countries in which the Soviet Union has an interest.
1989	Conversion of the Workforce Engaged in the Defense Industry and Related Areas List of survey questions intended to help the International Labour Organization (ILO) determine possibilities for conversion of the workforce engaged in the defense industry as well as the broader implications of decreasing military expenditures.
December 26, 1988	CPSU Central Committee, 'On an Answer to Questions from the International Labor Organization on Questions of Conversion of the Defense Industry and Related Areas' The CPSU Central Committee discusses the Socialist countries' lack of response to an International Labor Organization (ILO) questionnaire on conversion of the defense industry and suggests government offices to review the questions and submit possible answers to the Central Committee.
October 24, 1945	Memorandum of a Conversation between W.A. Harriman and Stalin W.A. Harriman and Stalin discuss post-war peace treaties and discuss who will be invited to participate in negotiations in the European war.
May 13, 1959	Department of State Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Intelligence Information Brief No. 139, 'Disarmament Negotiations: The Fourth Power Problem: France' According to intelligence reports, the French were trying to acquire from US firms the diagnostic technology needed to measure a nuclear explosion. INR did not believe that France had identified a specific test site and noted that France was under pressure to hold a test somewhere other than North Africa; nevertheless it went ahead with one in Algeria in early 1960.
June 4, 1957	Department of State Office of Intelligence Research, 'OIR Contribution to NIE 100-6-57: Nuclear Weapons Production by Fourth Countries – Likelihood and Consequences' This lengthy report was State Department Bureau of Intelligence and Research's contribution to the first National Intelligence Estimate on the nuclear proliferation, NIE 100-6-57. Written at a time when the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom were the only nuclear weapons states, the “Fourth Country” problem referred to the probability that some unspecified country, whether France or China, was likely to be the next nuclear weapons state. Enclosed with letter from Helmut Sonnenfeldt, Division of Research for USSR and Western Europe, to Roger Mateson, 4 June 1957, Secret