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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

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Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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End of the Cold War

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March 10, 1965	Note by Head of MD Cabinet on British Project Analysis of British ANF proposal and military considerations regarding defense of the European operational theater. The paper stresses that the proposal overlooks the issue, as it advances the idea of a strategic nuclear force external to Europe. Finally, it outlines criteria for organizing an Atlantic nuclear force which might better fit european military problems.
September 29, 1964	MAE cables on Von Hassel Declaration Cables between MAE secretary general Cattani and Italian embassy in Bonn on declaration by defense minister Von Hassel.
January 24, 1964	Note by Head of MD Cabinet on 10th Meeting of MLF Group Note on tenth meeting of the MLF group forwarded by MAE to Italian embassies in Washington,London, Bonn, Ankara,Atene, Bruxelles and Aja. Includes responses.
December 11, 1963	MAE Cable Report on McNamara's Speech Note by ambassador to Washington Fenoaltea on speech held by Secretary of Defense McNamara in New York (November 18) on US strategic doctrine, NATO's defense, and role of NATO european members. Annex with copy of the speech missing.
September 26, 1963	Report from Alessandrini to Piccioni on NATO MLF Report by italian representative to the Atlantic Council A. Alessandrini to Deputy Prime Minister. The report assesses that the NATO MLF represents the only real chance for European countries to actively contribute to the elaboration of a Western political-military strategy. the MLF is also seen as potentially laying the foundations of european nuclear capability; for this reason a european provision is considered of paramount importance.
December 5, 1963	Report from Alessandrini to Saragat concerning the Development of NATO MLF Report by italian representative to the Atlantic Council A. Alessandrini to Foreign Minister on the development since 1957 of a NATO Nuclear Multilateral Force. The paper discusses the positions of the various European NATO members and conducts an assessment related to Italy's position. Two annexes. Annex A: Basic Elements of the covenant; B, Summary of Paris consultations.
March 21, 1963	Report from Alessandrini to Piccioni concerning NATO MLF consultations Report by italian representative to the Atlantic Council A. Alessandrini on consultatons in Paris between the Birindelli and Lee groups regarding technological-military options related to Polaris A3-armed naval forces. Two annexes concerning survivability and costs.
December 7, 1963	Reminder from SMD to Adm. Tagliamonte Reminder by adm. A. Zamboni on organization and structure of NATO Multilateral Force, including its political, strategic, economic and legal features. Particularly prominent is the European Provision as discussed in several different fora.
October 5, 1963	Letter from Ducci to Quaroni Letter from ambassador R. Ducci on the need to establish a European Federation with autonomous nuclear capabily.
October 20, 1965	US Embassy to West Germany, Memorandum, 'German Attitudes on Nuclear Defense Questions' In this memorandum, an unnamed official at the U.S. Embassy in Bonn analyzed various West German nuclear and non-nuclear alternatives in the event of failure of the proposals for collective nuclear defense arrangements. An independent nuclear capability was ruled out as an alternative because “no responsible political leader in Germany of any party, any known private group, or any discernible body of Garman opinion … considers it desirable.”