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Southern Africa

South Africa

South African Nuclear History

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North America

United States

Nuclear Proliferation

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Middle East

Israel

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Western Europe

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The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

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Vorster, B. J. (Balthazar Johannes)

1915- 1983

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Mallaby, C. L. G.

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Brazilian Nuclear History

Official portrait for President Jimmy Carter, 1978.

Carter, Jimmy

1924-

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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De Klerk, F. W. (Frederik Willem)

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Sole, Donald Bell

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Pakistani Nuclear History

Origins of Brazil-Argentina Nuclear Cooperation

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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May 15, 1981	Notes on Meeting between South African Minister of Foreign Affairs R. F. Botha and US President Reagan South African Minister of Foreign Affairs "Pik" Botha and President Reagan meet in Washington, DC. South African Ambassador Sole, the note taker, interprets Reagan's friendly opening comments as "the inference clearly being that he had no illusions about democratic rule in Africa." They discuss the situation in Namibia and Angola, and their shared opposition to Soviet and communist influence in the region. Botha also asks Reagan to help South Africa's souring relations with France regarding nuclear cooperation. Botha states that "South Africa was not preparing or intending to explode a nuclear device, but[...] could not afford publicly to surrender this option."
May 8, 1981	Telegram from South African Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Announcement by F.W. de Klerk, Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs, that SAFARI I Reactor South African Ministry of Foreign Affairs informs its missions in Washington, Paris, London, Bonn about an announcement by F.W. De Klerk, Minister of Mineral and Energy Affairs, that under terms agree with the United States and the IAEA, SAFARI I will be operated on locally manufactured fuel.
March 4, 1981	Telegram from South African Ambassador in Washington Donald Sole on Prospective Reagan Administration Non-Proliferation Policy South African Ambassador Donald Sole reports on the possible effect of Reagan non-proliferation policy on South African/US nuclear relations.
December 11, 1980	Letter from US Naval Research Lab Director Alan Berman on Hydroacoustic Evidence on the Vela incident Alan Berman writes to US Office of Science and Technology Policy senior advisor John Marcum on hydroacoustic evidence on the Vela incident. Based on sounds recorded, it appeared that a large explosion occurred south of Ascension Island.
January 21, 1979	US Interagency Intelligence Memorandum, 'The 22 September 1979 Event' Forwarded to Ralph Earle, Director of US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. The Interagency Intelligence Memorandum on the 22 September 1979 explosion, or Vela Incident, concludes that it was a nuclear explosion.
November 5, 1979	Information from Brazilian Minister of Foreign Affairs Saraiva Guerreiro to President Figueiredo, 'Nuclear Energy. South Africa' The Minister of Foreign Relations, Ramiro Saraiva Guerreiro, asks for instructions from the President of the Republic, João Baptista Figueiredo, in order to reply to a South African proposal of cooperation in the nuclear field.
October 29, 1979	Cable from Brazilian Embassy in Bonn to Brasilia, 'Nuclear energy. South Africa: Uranium Enrichment' In October 1979 the scientific attaché of the South African Embassy in Bonn met his Brazilian counterpart in order to propose an exchange of experiences in the nuclear field. The South African diplomat recalled the similarities between the Brazilian and South African enrichment processes and specified that the initiative of a possible cooperation had been taken by the South African Atomic Energy Board and not by the Pretoria Government, because of the cold relations between the two countries. In this cable the Brazilian Ambassador in Western Germany, Jorge Silva, asked for instructions from Minister Saraiva Guerreiro in order to reply to the South Africans.
May 16, 1979	Cable from Brazilian Embassy in Bonn to Brasilia, 'Nuclear Energy. Hamburg Congress: South African Program' Report of a meeting between an official from the Brazilian Embassy in Bonn and the scientific attaché of the South African Embassy on the occasion of a nuclear congress in Hamburg. The South African official informed the Brazilian diplomat about the advancement of the Pretoria nuclear program with regard to uranium enrichment.
November 17, 1977	Telegram from South African Ambassador to Israel, 'Israeli Reaction to the UN Arms Embargo Against South Africa' The South African Ambassador to Israel reports on the official response in Israel to the possibility of a UN arms embargo of South afriaca.
October 31, 1977	Restricted Teleletter from J.E. Holmes, UK Embassy in Moscow, to R.B. Bone, 'South African Nuclear Intentions' J .E. Holmes, at the UK Embassy in Moscow, reports on Soviet news coverage of the South African nuclear controversy.