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Southern Africa

South Africa

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

South African Nuclear History

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Botha, R. F. (Roelof Frederik) ("Pik")

1932-

Photograph of President Ronald Reagan

Reagan, Ronald

1911- 2004

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Philip, Peter H.

-

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

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Southern Africa

Namibia

A photo of Henry Kissinger from 1975

Kissinger, Henry

1923-

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Official portrait for President Jimmy Carter, 1978.

Carter, Jimmy

1924-

Photograph of P.W. Botha

Botha, P. W. (Pieter Willem)

1916- 2006

Nuclear Proliferation

Photograph from the 1995 NPT Review Conference

The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Pakistani Nuclear History

Conversations with Mao Zedong

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October 24, 1977	Telegram from South African Embassy in Washington to South African Secretary for Foreign Affairs Brand Fourie on South African Assurances to the US on its Nuclear Intentions The South African Embassy in Washington reports on assurances to the US on South Africa's nuclear intentions
August 24, 1977	Telegram from South African Mission in New York to Department of Foreign Affairs on the New York Times Editorial 'Rumors, Not Bombs in South Africa' Summary of New York Times editorial regarding Carter's press conference on South Africa's alleged development of nuclear weapons.
September 19, 1977	Telegram from South African Embassy in Washington to the Department of Foreign Affairs Summarizing a Washington Star Newspaper Article on 'South Africa and the Bomb' Summary of Washington Star newspaper article on Carter administration concerns that South Africa was developing nuclear weapons.
September 30, 1977	Draft letter and Aide Memoire from South African Foreign Minister R.F. Botha to US Secretary of State Cyrus Vance South African Foreign Minister R.F. Botha writes to the US Secretary of State disputing accusations that South Africa is developing nuclear weapons.
October 1977	Letter from South African Prime Minister Vorster to US President Carter on US-South Africa Relations South African Prime Minister Vorster denies the existence of a South African nuclear program and lists hostile steps taken by the United States to exclude South Africa from international nuclear and atomic energy groups. He concludes that "it would seem... the United States officially holds the view that stability in Southern Africa and the future of our country is to be sacrificed in the hope of stopping Soviet expansionism."
September 1977	Draft Letter to B. Cardledge on Conversation with US Deputy Undersecretary of State Joseph Nye on South African Nuclear Intentions Nye stated that at present the United States preferred to "concentrate on pressing South Africa to adhere to the NPT rather than continuing to enquire about the nature of the Kalahari facility." The State Department assessment was that while South Africa was capable of building a bomb at short notice, they did not actually plan to test one at this time.
September 21, 1977	Letter from C.L.G. Mallaby of the UK Arms Control and Disarmament Department to H.M.S. Reid, 'South African Nuclear Intentions: the Kalahari Facility' Mallaby reports on a conversation at the Nuclear Suppliers Meeting with the US Deputy Under-Secretary for Security Assistance, Nye, on whether the US would raise the issue of South Africa's Kalahari nuclear testing facility. The US assumption was that the South Africans intended to "be on the brink of having a nuclear weapons capability" in order to "moderate Western diplomatic pressure on her about racial and other issues."
September 8, 1977	Letter from J.S. Wall to Bryan Cartledge, 'South African Nuclear Intentions' J.S. Wall of the UK Foreign and Commonweath Office reports on a conversation with David Aaron of the US National Security Council on concerns about South Africa's possible nuclear testing facility in the Kalahari desert.
August 23, 1977	Telegram from South African Embassy in the US on President Carter’s Press Conference on the Kalahari Nuclear Test Site The South African Embassy in the US reports to the South African Foreign Ministry on President Carter’s press conference on the kalahari nuclear test site and related US media coverage. Carter called on the South African government to place their nuclear programs under international safeguards and monitoring and cease attempts to develop and explosive device.
August 25, 1970	United States Department of State, Memorandum from Martin Jacobs to Mr. Nelson on South African Nuclear Scientist’s Visit US Nuclear Testing Facilities Martin Jacobs reports that Dr. J. V. Retief, Senior Scientist of the National Nuclear Research Center of the South African Atomic Energy Board requested permission to visit an Army Corps research facility, the Cratering Group Research Labratory at Livermore, California. Jacobs was concerned that "there might be political repercussions if it appeared the US was assisting South Africa to produce nuclear explosives as a prelude to weapons development."