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Anti-Nuclear Peace Movements

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Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND)

1957-

Photograph from the 1995 NPT Review Conference

The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference

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Italy. Ministry of Foreign Affairs

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Michal Onderco

Onderco, Michal

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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989-

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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August 31, 1990	Letter from South African President De Klerk to President Bush South African President De Klerk writes to U.S. President George H.W. Bush in reply to the latter’s 24 July, 1990 letter regarding South Africa’s accession to the NPT. The letter explicitly states South Africa’s commitment to disarmament and suggests the possibility of “declaring South Africa a nuclear weapons free zone.”
June 27, 1972	US Embassy Tokyo Cable 67912 to State Department, 'Japanese View Regarding Indian Nuclear Plans' Cable on a discussion with Japanese Disarmament Division Chief Tanaka, who was uncertain whether India would conduct the nuclear test or not.
February 1, 1989	Ciphered Telegram No. 19, Embassy of Hungary in the Soviet Union to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry Lengthy report on India's current domestic and foreign policies. Includes discussion of India's upcoming parliamentary elections and preparations by Rajiv Gandhi and the Congress Party. Foreign relations in Asia with countries such as China, Cambodia, and Afghanistan are discussed, as well as India's involvement in disarmament talks through the Six Nation Five Continent Peace Initiative. Lastly, India's relationship with the Soviet Union in foreign policy and trade is described.
July 18, 1961	Telegram of Delo Balili, the Albanian ambassador to Cairo, to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Balili reports that the Indian ambassador to Cairo had told him that President Nehru would participate personally in the conference of non-aligned countries because the main goal of the conference was to find a formula for rapprochement between the Soviet Union and the United States, and for disarmament in general. According to the Indian ambassador, the disappearance of the issues of colonialism and racial discrimination from the conference documents are not urgent problems. In November, Nehru would meet with Khrushchev and, later with Kennedy.
March 11, 1953	Memorandum of Discussion at the 136th Meeting of the National Security Council The US National Security Council discusses the effect that Stalin’s death had on Soviet policy and on Communist Parties outside of the USSR, as well as the opportunity it provided the US to use Stalin’s death in a psychological strategy to influence the Soviets. The Council also discusses the possibility of negotiations for a settlement with the Soviets in Korea.
September 4, 1985	Letter by the Chairman of the SPD, Brandt, to the General Secretary of the CC of the CPSU, Gorbachev Brandt shares his opinion with Gorbachev, that a constructive American reply to the Soviet moratorium can be, materially and psychologically, a first important step toward curtailing the arms race and toward a reasonable relationship for the two world powers.
June 11, 1986	Letter by the Chairman of the SPD, Brandt, to the General Secretary of the CC of the CPSU, Gorbachev Brandt's letter to Secretary Gorbachev on security issues and strengthening the alliance between East and West, as well as with America. Brandt touches on Chernobyl to explain Europe as a whole in peril in terms of international security.
September 8, 1987	Memorandum of a conversation by the Honorary Chairman of the SPD, Brandt, with the General Secretary of the CC of the SED and Chairman of the State Council of the GDR, Honecker, in Bonn, 8 September 1987 Memorandum for Brandt and Honecker on discussions for reducing chemical and nuclear weapons in Europe, relations between social democrats and communists and how they influence greater European nations.
December 19, 1979	Letter by the Chairman of the SPD, Brandt, to President of Romania, Ceausescu A letter from Willy Brandt to Nicolae Ceausescu. He offers congratulations for Ceausescu's recent reelection and addresses the topic of arms control.
August 1961	Italian Prime Minister Fanfani's Visit to Moscow, August 1961 A series of talks between Fanfani and Khrushchev in Moscow in early August 1961. The focus of the talks is on the ongoing Berlin Crisis and "the German question." Other topics include relations between Italy and the Soviet Union, East/West tensions, and nuclear disarmament.