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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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United States. Department of State

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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Western Europe

France

Nuclear Proliferation

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

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United States. Department of State. Bureau of Intelligence and Research

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Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Indian Nuclear History

French Nuclear History

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Hughes, Thomas Lowe

1925-

Pakistani Nuclear History

Photograph from the 1995 NPT Review Conference

The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference

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James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989-

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

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United States. Embassy (Turkey)

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Documents

January 6, 1972	State Department cable 3088 to Embassy New Delhi The State Department asks the U.S. Embassy in India for its assessment of the likelihood that India is planning a nuclear test explosion.
January 19, 1954	Central Intelligence Agency, NIE 12.4-54, Probable Developments in Eastern Germany Through 1955 Estimating the current situation and probable developments in East Germany through 1955.
June 13, 1953	Cable 5321, from Ambassador Reber in Bonn to US State, Washington Cable from Samuel Reber to U.S. Department of State Outlining U.S. Perspectives on Four-Power Talks
May 24, 1974	Memorandum of Conversation between Emil Bodnaras and Harry G. Barnes, US Ambassador to Romania
March 1, 1962	Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs Foy Kohler, 'Secretary McNamara’s Views on Nuclear Sharing' Secretary of Defense McNamara and his Deputy Gilpatric discuss whether assisting the French with missile technology would advance their nuclear weapons program. They speculate that it will help indirectly, missile aid would reduce the cost of the French missile research program and those saving could be directed to warhead production.
March 9, 1962	Memorandum of Telephone Message from Foy D. Kohler to Paul H. Nitze and Roswell L. Gilpatric Instructions for Roswell Gilpatric and Paul Nitze from Secretary of State Rusk for negotiations with the French. Among the topics which the US representatives should not discuss are missile sharing and a common Western nuclear force.
May 28, 1962	Memorandum by Edward Biegel, Bureau of Western European Affairs, 'WE Answers to the Ball Questionnaire' Edward Biegel of the Bureau of Western European Affairs answers Undersecretary Ball's questions on French nuclear ambitions and Western European collective security. He makes the arguments against nuclear sharing, and also mentions the fact that a Baltimore Sun article likely alerted the Soviets to the fact that the US deployed tactical nuclear weapons on the German front.
August 8, 1963	Memorandum from Under Secretary of State George W. Ball to President Kennedy, 'A Further Nuclear Offer to General De Gaulle' Undersecretary Ball outlines for President Kennedy the reasons why assisting the French nuclear program is not in America's interests. It suggests that De Gaulle would only accept assistance if there were no political conditions attached, and to do so would jeopardize US interests in Europe and NATO.
October 21, 1969	Memorandum from Theodore L. Eliot Jr. to Henry A. Kissinger, 'British Position on Nuclear Cooperation with France' The British have not made any military or nuclear alliance with France, and they will disclose any such approaches from France to the United States. The U.S. is willing to say in response that they have not been approached by the French and would be willing to disclose any such approach in the future, but the U.S. is not willing say that their position is exactly the same as the British one because they "are not sure of the detailed implications of the broad phraseology of [the British’s] statement" and do not want to be bound to any extreme commitments.
February 20, 1970	Deputy Secretary of Defense Packard to Kissinger, enclosing 'US/French Interchange in Area of Ballistic Missiles' Report to Kissinger from the Department of Defense on the legal and policy restrictions preventing U.S. assistance to France's ballistic missile program (mainly National Security Action Memorandum 294). The report also speculates on the specific technical problems the French may have and want assistance with.