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Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

Indian Nuclear History

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Sino-Soviet Relations

Placeholder image for when a portrait image is not available

James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS)

1989-

Group photo from the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group Operational Basket Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, April 4-6, 1995.

ACRS Oral History Project

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Photograph from the 1995 NPT Review Conference

The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912- 1994

Michal Onderco

Onderco, Michal

-

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Fahmy, Nabil‏

-

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Documents

November 23, 1965	Glenn Seaborg, Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission, to National Security Adviser McGeorge, Bundy, enclosing summary of 'Nth Country Evaluation' Summary of Union Carbide’s 1964 study on gas centrifuge technology’s effect on nuclear proliferation. The summary provides Union Carbide’s estimations for how long countries of varying industrial capability would take to develop a nuclear weapon, which was redacted in the original document.
February 26, 1960	S.A. Levin, D. E. Hatch, and E. Von Halle, 'Production of Enriched Uranium for Nuclear Weapons by Nations X, Y, and Z by Means of the Gas Centrifuge Process,' Operations Analysis Division, Union Carbide Nuclear Company A Union Carbide Nuclear Company study to determine how quickly and easily foreign countries could develop and utilize gas centrifuges with the goal of creating nuclear weapon facilities. The study determines that, due to the cheap cost and relatively small size of the centrifuges, even un-industrialized countries such as Cuba could achieve this technology within 8 years if helped by a larger nation.
February 19, 1960	A.A. Wells, Director, Division of International Affairs, to Philip J. Farley, Special Assistant to the Secretary of State for Disarmament and Atomic Energy, 'Control of and Cooperation in Gas Centrifuge Research and Development Program' The development of the gas centrifuge method, according to this report, would make production of U-235 (and by extension, nuclear weapons) possible for as many as 20-30 foreign countries. The U.S. is thus forced to consider its strategy for how to limit proliferation despite this new, cheap technology.
November 16, 1962	Record of Conversation between Mikoyan and Ernesto 'Che' Guevara, Havana, 16 November 1962 The conversation takes place soon after the IL-28 crisis, which gives Mikoyan a chance to patch up the relationship with trade agreements and promises of future aid and industrial cooperation. Near the end of the conversation, Guevara and Mikoyan discuss the theory of revolutionary struggle. Guevara shares his vision that “further development of the revolutions in Latin America must follow the line of simultaneous explosions in all countries.” Mikoyan cautions him, pointing to the Soviet experience and using the metaphor of the rebellion on the battleship “Potemkin.” Hinting at further disagreement ahead, he gently registers his disagreement with the Cuban leader’s drive to ignite revolution in the hemisphere.
October 10, 1977	Telegram 066764 from the Romanian Embassy in Pyongyang to the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Pol Pot’s Visit to the DPRK The Romanian Embassy in Pyongyang reports to the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the DPRK's warm reception of Pol Pot in North Korea. The DPRK appears very committed to developing strong bilateral relations with Kampuchea.
March 16, 1977	Telegram 065241 from the Romanian Embassy in Pyongyang to the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Soviet Comments on Sino-North Korean Relations The Romanian Embassy in Pyongyang reports to the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the development of Sino-North Korean relations, especially regarding their increasing economic cooperation.
February 2, 1977	Telegram 065141 from the the Romanian Embassy in Pyongyang to the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Korean Question The Romanian Embassy in Pyongyang reports to the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on developments in Sino-American relations and how they affect the DPRK's diplomatic orientation regarding Korean reunification. Overall, improved Sino-American relations are perceived to stabilize the situation in Asia, although the Korean question is still a complex one.
December 15, 1977	The Official Visit of the GDR Party and State Delegation led by Erich Honecker to the DPRK The Romanian Embassy in Pyongyang reports to the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs on the official visit of the GDR party and state delegation led by Erich Honecker to the DPRK. A recurring theme is the DPRK's commitment to the solidarity of the international Communist movement, and its reluctance to discuss international issues. The DPRK emphasizes bilateral relations, good relationships with both the Soviet Union and the PRC, and agrees to develop economic cooperation with the GDR.
June 1975	China after the 10th Party Congress and the Adoption of the Maoist Constitution This study analyzes China's domestic and foreign policies after the 10th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. It addresses the propaganda measures of the Maoist regime and the socio-economic development in China. The report also discusses the undemocratic character of the Chinese Constitution of 1975. Regarding its foreign relations, China is said to be extending its area of influence in developing countries and developing closer relations with Western countries. Chinese-US relations are criticized, as well as China's permissiveness in allowing more Western influences to affect its domestic policies and economic strategies.
July 12, 1955	Cable from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, 'Draft Proposal to Strengthen and Develop Friendly Relations with Asian-African Countries after the Asian-African Conference' The PRC Foreign Ministry proposes to develop relations with, strengthen propaganda work toward, and expand the study of countries in Asia and Afica.