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Eastern Europe

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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Eastern Europe

Poland

Sino-Soviet Relations

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

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Zhivkov, Todor

1911- 1998

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Sargeant, Howland H.

1911- 1984

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Documents

April 4, 1952	Senate Staff Member Criticizes Radio Free Europe Richard Arens, counsel for the Senate’s Internal Security Subcommittee, accuses Radio Free Europe of harboring Marxists and broadcasting left-wing and socialist propaganda.
1975	Materials from the 4th Army for the Exercise Critique Group for Soyuz-75 This document is an evaluation of the effectiveness and applicability of the Soyuz-75 military exercise. According to the author, Division General Wojciech Baranski, Soyuz-75 was a success. The experience gained from the exercise will be used in future military training.
June 2, 1988	Military Exercise Shchit-88 Intelligence Summary No. 1 as of 0800 2 June 1988 This intelligence summary describes a potential scenario in which the policy of detente in "Blue" countries begins to deteriorate and increased military exercises are conducted.
January 11, 1951	Radio Free Europe Budget Increase Approved Allen Dulles (who has joined CIA as Deputy Director for Plans) informs Frank Wisner that CIA has approved RFE’s capital budget for new transmitters.
November 22, 1950	Wisner Update on Radio Free Europe Frank Wisner reviews RFE broadcasting after 5 months and notes a shift from use of exile leaders “of questionable current value” to “timely news items and commentary.” He foreshadows expansion of broadcast hours and shift of program production to West Germany.
October 19, 1950	Policy Planning Staff View of Exile National Councils State Department Policy Planning official Robert Joyce laments to Frank Wisner disarray among the national councils and suggests redoubled efforts to unify them. Check copy and redactions.
March 16, 1950	Memorandum for Mr. Horace Nickels, 'Support for Radio Broadcasting Program to Satellite Nations' [Approved for Release, March 2009] Office of Policy Coordination requests information – negative and positive – from the State Department on conditions in Eastern Europe that could be used in Radio Free Europe broadcasts.
May 3, 1949	Utilization of Russian Political Refugees in Germany and Austria [Approved for Release, February 16, 2011] Soviet expert Robert F. Kelley urges forming a central organization representing Russian émigré groups and providing it with radio facilities to reach the Soviet Union and Soviet armed forces in Eastern Europe.
February 21, 1949	Memorandum for Mr. Wisner, 'Notes on Discussion of New York Committee with Mr. George Kennan, February 18, 1949' [Approved for Release, March 2009] George Kennan, State Department official Llewellyn E. Thompson, and Office of Policy Coordination director Frank Wisner agree that influential private citizens organizing the Free Europe Committee (FEC) require approval for the project from Secretary of State Dean Acheson and thereafter responsibility for dealing with East European émigré leaders will shift from State to the FEC.
August 26, 1948	Memorandum of Conversation [Approved for Release, March 2009] CIA, State Department, Defense Department, and OPC officials discuss establishing a philanthropic organization to sponsor radio broadcasts and other activities of Eastern European émigrés.