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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

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Mitrokhin Archive

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Mitrokhin, Vasili

1922- 2004

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

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Eastern Europe

Czechoslovakia

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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United States

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

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Andropov, Yuri Vladimirovich

1914- 1984

Mass Media and Censorship

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański broadcasting for Radio Free Europe, 3 May 1952

Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty

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United States. Embassy (Czechoslovakia)

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Todor Zhivkov Collection

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Stoyanov, Dimitar

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Soviet Union. Committee for State Security (KGB)

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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November 20, 1989	Cable from US Embassy in Prague on Czech Demonstrations Cable from the US embassy in Prague reporting on their protest regarding attacks on American journalists during the November 17-19 demonstrations in Prague.
November 20, 1989	Cable from US Embassy in Prague on Czech Demonstrations Cable from the US embassy in Prague reporting that demonstrations continued over the weekend in Prague.
November 20, 1989	Cable from US Embassy in Prague on Czech Demonstrations Cable from the US embassy in Prague reporting on contradictions in the Czechoslovak press coverage of the demonstrations' aftermath.
November 20, 1989	Cable from US Embassy in Prague on Czech Demonstrations Cable from the US embassy in Prague reporting on the establishment of a new organization for Czech independents, the "Civic Forum," and the publication of a list of demands.
November 18, 1989	Cable from US Embassy in Prague on Czech Demonstrations The US embassy in Prague reports on the brutal suppression of the Czech students' demonstration.
November 20, 1989	Cable from US Embassy in Prague on Czech Demonstrations Cable from the US embassy in Prague reports on an American woman's account of the November 17 demonstrations and the death of a Czech student.
June 13, 1989	Excerpts from the Opening Full Session of the Hungarian National Roundtable Negotiations Transcribed from previously unpublished video recordings, these discussions point to the unwritten "rules" of mutual civility that arose in the nonviolent dissident movements and found an echo among the Communist reformers during the negotiated revolutions of 1989. For example, Dr. Istvan Kukorelli from the Patriotic People’s Front proposes to "refrain from questioning the legitimacy of each other, since the legitimacy of all of us is debatable. It is a question which belongs to the future - who will be given credit by history and who will be forgotten."
September 15, 1961	Letter from Ulbricht to Khrushchev on Closing the Border Around West Berlin Ulbricht writes to Khrushchev regarding the closing of the border between east and west Berlin.
June 19, 1953	National Security Council Report, NSC 158, 'United States Objectives and Actions to Exploit the Unrest in the Satellite States' Recommendations adopted by the National Security Council at the suggestion of the Psychological Strategy Board on covert actions to be undertaken in the Soviet Satellite States. Authorized by the National Security Council, NSC 158 envisaged aggressive psychological warfare to exploit and heighten the unrest behind the Iron Curtain. The policy was endorsed by President Eisenhower on June 26, 1953.
February 25, 1956	Khrushchev's Secret Speech, 'On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences,' Delivered at the Twentieth Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union In a secret speech before a closed plenum of the 20th Congress of the CPSU, Khrushchev denounced Stalin’s cult of the personality. In addition, he revealed that Stalin had rounded up thousands of people and sent them into a huge system of political work camps (Gulags). This revelation was met with astonishment by many present for the speech, but helped to break the power that Stalin still held over the country.