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Photograph of the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.

Middle East

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Middle East

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Ceausescu's Diplomacy in the Middle East

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North America

United States

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

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Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Middle East

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

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Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)

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Romania. Ministry of Internal Affairs

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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Assad, Hafez

1930- 2000

Erich Honecker, 1976.

Honecker, Erich Ernst Paul

1912- 1994

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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China and the Middle East/North Africa

Group photo from the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group Operational Basket Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, April 4-6, 1995.

ACRS Oral History Project

Soviet Foreign Policy

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March 1, 1978	Agreement between the Socialist Unity Party of Germany and the Palestine Liberation Organization for the Years 1978/1979 The agreement contains the basic elements of SED-PLO relations for 1978/1979, such as the exchange of delegations to consider bilateral relations and the fight against Zionism and imperialism, material support for civil and military purposes, and the exchange of leading personnel of different mass organizations.
1980	Survey of GDR Material Support for the PLO between 1974 and 1980 List of GDR material support for the PLO between 1974 and 1980. The form, quantity and value of the support are listed in detail for each year.
April 22, 1980	Minutes of Conversation between Todor Zhivkov and Yasser Arafat, Damascus The two leaders discuss the situation in the Middle East, and the role of the superpowers - the US and the Soviet Union.
August 1, 1983	Letter from Erich Honecker to Yasser Arafat Honecker criticizes aggressive US policy in Europe, emphasizes the importance of unity among the Arab states and reassures the PLO of continuing GDR support in its struggle for an independent Palestinian state.
August 1, 1983	Letter from Erich Honecker to Hafez al-Assad Honecker shows his concern about the growing tensions within the PLO and between the PLO and the Syrian leadership. He appeals to Assad to continue his cooperation with Arafat.
October 27, 1983	GDR Ministry for State Security, 'Information about The Escalation of Conflicts within the PLO' The report evaluates the internal situation of the PLO, which lost its bases in southern Lebanon and is exposed to increased pressure by Arab governments. The report describes the conflict between Arafat and the Syrian branch of the PLO and notes the increase in Syrian influence following a violent incident in Tripoli, in which Arafat and the Muslim Brothers were supposedly involved. Regardless of Syria's strength, the report states that Arafat has shown no inclination to work with the Syrian government. It concludes that a split seems likely, especially since Arafat has oriented himself towards the reactionary Arab forces.
December 15, 1988	Memorandum of a Conversation between Erich Honecker and Yasser Arafat in Berlin The conversation focuses on the PLO's recent attempts to reach an agreement concerning the conflict in the Middle East. Arafat informs Honecker about his efforts to gain support for his initiative from the US and other countries.
March 9, 1982	Stenographic Transcript of the Official Talks between Erich Honecker and Yasser Arafat in the House of the Central Committee of the SED in Berlin The conversation is mainly concerned with the situation in the Middle East, but there are also some remarks about Poland, Afghanistan, and French-Israeli relations. Honecker emphasizes that only the creation of a sovereign Palestinian state can solve the Middle East conflict. He underlines the continuing support of the GDR for the PLO, for example, through military aid and the opening of an official PLO embassy in Berlin. Arafat points to the West German support for Israel and asks for further military aid.
May 13, 1982	Note about a Talk at the Occasion of the Inaugural Visit by the Ambassador of the PLO Dr. Isam Kamel Salem, with the Head of the Department Near and Middle East of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Comrade Wolfgang Schüßler, on 11 May 1982 The conversation deals with permanent PLO representation in the GDR. The PLO has had official representation since 1978, with the opening of a PLO embassy in Berlin. The PLO ambassador points out that this status necessarily leads to more expenses. He applies for more GDR funding.
June 25, 1982	Message of L.I. Brezhnev to Syrian President Hafez Assad Brezhnev appeals to Assad to continue his support for the PLO. He blames the passivity of the other Arab states for the critical military situation in Lebanon.