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Western Europe

France

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Western Europe

Germany

François Mitterrand in 1983

Mitterrand, François

1916- 1996

Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

French Nuclear History

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924- 2018

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Hartmann, Peter

1935-

Indian Nuclear History

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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May 13, 1963	Director of Central Intelligence John McCone and AEC Chairman Glenn Seaborg to President Kennedy, with Attachment 'Report on French Gaseous Diffusion Project' In this report, the CIA and the AEC found that because the French underestimated the cost of the Pierrelatte plant, they had a reason to consider West German financial aid.They conclude that the West Germans had relevant technical skill and the French may have regarded cooperation as a tactic to dodge Adenauer’s 1954 commitment and also as a “way for German industry to improve its position in the nuclear technological race.”
December 28, 1962	US Embassy West Germany Airgram A-1389, 'Franco-German Cooperation in Atomic Energy Matters' This report from the American embassy in Bon to the Department of State details the embassy's impressions that cooperation between France and Germany in the atomic energy field was underway.
December 10, 1962	US Embassy West Germany Telegram 1538 to State Department Following a similar telegram from 25 July 1962, this telegram noted French denials of any such discussion on French-German nuclear cooperation, but the Bonn Embassy agreed with the U.S. Embassy in France that the subject was “reserved for possible consideration in future.”
July 25, 1962	US Embassy West Germany Telegram 243 to State Department In this telegram, Embassy analysts in West Germany found that “at present there does not exist deliberate intention in Germany to embark on nuclear weapons program either alone or with French.”
September 19, 1962	Ministry of Defence, 'Notes on Talks During the Minister of Defence’s Visit to the United States, September 1962, Nuclear Problems in Europe' In September 1962, British Defence Minister Peter Thorneycroft traveled to Washington for discussion on defense cooperation. During a flight with President Kennedy and Secretary of Defense McNamara, they discussed the French nuclear program and the possibility of French-German nuclear cooperation.
February 1, 1958	US Embassy Paris Telegram 3600 to Department of State In this telegram, U.S. government officials were troubled by the possibility of shared nuclear weapons research in Western Europe. Jean Laloy, the French Foreign Ministry’s director of European affairs, confidentially shared his apprehensions with an Embassy official.
December 14, 1957	John Foster Dulles, Memorandum of Conversation with Chancellor Adenauer Conversation between John Foster Dulles and Chancellor Adenauer at a NATO meeting. Dulles learned from Adenauer that the French-West German project on nuclear weapons research would soon come to include Italy, to which Dulles expressed reservations and suggested a broader arrangement including the U.S. and the U.K.
August 12, 1957	Letter from Max Isenbergh, Special Assistant for Atomic Energy, to Robert Schaetzel, Office of Special Assistant to Secretary of State for Atomic Energy, enclosing 'Franco-German Coordination of Advanced Weapons Research, Development, and Production' During the summer of 1957, diplomats in London and Washington were becoming uneasy as they learned that France and West Germany were setting up formal arrangements to cooperate in the development of advanced weapons systems.
October 14, 1955	Communists’ Activities in Aleppo Report on Communists in Aleppo's intentions to boycott France, to cut off their relations with France, and to bar members from working with France in the future.
August 12, 1949	French Activities in Lebanon French sources tell the Journalist informer that a French agent is planning a coup in Lebanon to be executed in September.