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Eastern Europe

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Warsaw Pact Military Planning

Warsaw Pact

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Eastern Europe

Poland

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Romania

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia

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Prague Spring, 1968

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC)

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Jaruzelski, W. (Wojciech)

1923- 2014

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Maurer, Ion Gheorghe

1902- 2000

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Yakubovsky, Ivan Ignatyevich

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Documents

July 6, 1964	Note on Issues in Romanian-Soviet Relations Prepared by the Romanian Side for the Conversations in Moscow List of the ultimately irreconcilable differences that had arisen in Soviet-Romanian relations under Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej by July 1964, in preparation for the upcoming discussions in Moscow. Topping the list of major problems were the “anti-Soviet atmosphere in Romania,” the “problem of Soviet citizens,” and the “maintenance of espionage networks” on Romanian territory.
October 25, 1956	Maj. Witold Osinski, Reports on the Events of 19-23 October 1956 Reports recounting Osinski's experiences with infighting between the Polish Ministry of Defense (MND), and the Stalinist Internal Security Corps (ISC). The reports also take place during the Polish October (Gomulka' Thaw). Normal font indicates that the text appears in both instances of the document. Italics indicates that the text appears only in the original, handwritten version of the document. Bold font indicates that the text appears only in the final, typed version for Gomulka.
December 1981	Information [for Gustav Husak] on the Progress and Outcome of the 14th Meeting of the Defense Minsters Committee, 1 and 4 December 1981 in Moscow (Excerpt) Summary of the 14th meeting of the Warsaw BlocDefense Ministers Committee. The ministers discuss the Solidarity movement and protests in Poland, and how to handle the issue in the media.
September 11, 1969	Minutes of Conversation between the Romanian Delegation to Ho Chi Minh’s Funeral, Led by Ion Gheorge Maurer, and the Chinese Delegation, Led by Zhou Enlai, 11 September 1969 Meeting between Chinese and Romanian delegations. The Romanians express their belief that it would take pressure off of them, if the tensions between the USSR and China were resolved. They discuss the general relations between the USSR and Romania and other states in Eastern Europe, specifically how closely their militaries and economies are linked to those of the Soviet Union. Enlai notes how individual communist parties now develop independently, instead of in cooperation with others.
July 15, 1963	Resolution of the Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party Central Committee [MPRP CC] Politburo on Joining the Warsaw Pact The resolution of the Mongolian People's Republic to join the Warsaw Pact. The Politburo specifically cites the treaty between the U.S. and Japan as a threat which made it a necessary decision.
March 13, 1968	Informal remarks by Czechoslovak Chief of General Staff, Gen. Otakar Rytír, at a Confidential Meeting of General Staff Officials, Prague General Otakar Rytír examines Czechoslovakia’s role within the Warsaw Treaty and discusses how it must be militarily independent, while still remaining loyal to the USSR.
January 26, 1966	Memorandum by the Polish Ministry of National Defense Polish and Soviet proposals for structural, organizational, and budgetary adjustments to the military articles of the Warsaw Treaty are reported and analyzed.
January 21, 1966	Memorandum by Polish Minister Adam Rapacki In response to Brezhnev's request for input, Rapacki outlines proposals to improve the Warsaw Treaty in both military organization and operation, and political affairs, including reform of the Political Consultative Committee.
January 10, 1957	Memorandum on the Warsaw Treaty and the Development of the Armed Forces of the People's Republic of Poland The Polish general staff analyzes the military obligations mandated by the Warsaw Treaty and how stated obligations are not compatible with Polish policy. Proposals for revision of the military articles of the Warsaw Treaty are outlined.
September 7, 1955	Statute of the Unified Command of the Member States of the Warsaw Treaty The responsibilities and duties of the officials of the Warsaw Treaty Armed Forces Joint Command are outlined.