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South America

Brazil

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Brazilian Nuclear History

Executive Committee of the National Security Committee during the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

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South America

Argentina

"The Bundeshaus (Federal Building) in Bonn, West Germany, May 1961. "

Western Europe

West Germany

Origins of Brazil-Argentina Nuclear Cooperation

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Silveira, Antonio Francisco Azeredo da

1917- 1990

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Eastern Europe

Yugoslavia

Nuclear Proliferation

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Goulart, João

1918- 1976

Official portrait for President Jimmy Carter, 1978.

Carter, Jimmy

1924-

Josip Broz Tito, 1961

Tito, Josip Broz

1892- 1980

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Ruiz Solar, Marcelo

-

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Campos, Roberto de Oliveira

-

Cuban Foreign Relations

Pakistani Nuclear History

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Documents

March 23, 1963	From the Journal of A.I. Alekseyev, 'Record of a Conversation with Fidel Castro Ruz, Prime Minister of the Republic of Cuba, 20 February 1963' Fidel Castro expresses concern over US efforts to isolate Cuba from other Latin America countries, including Brazil, and proposes an initiative to expand economic ties with Canada.
March 23, 1968	Airgram from the Embassy of the US in Rio De Janeiro to the Department of State, 'Assessment of Brazilian Nuclear Device Capability' The US Embassy in Rio De Janeiro sends airgram to the Department of State with a technical and political assessment of Brazil's nuclear capacity.
March 28, 1964	Airgram from the Embassy of the US in Rio De Janeiro to the Department of State, 'Non-Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy by Brazil' The US Embassy in Rio De Janeiro sends airgram to the Department of State regarding military pressure in Brazil to produce fissionable material for nonpeaceful purposes.
September 7, 1977	Letter from US Congressman Paul Findley to Brazilian Vice-President Adalberto Pereira dos Santos Findley proposes a system of mutual inspection of nuclear facilities between Argentina and Brazil. According to the agreement he proposed, Brazil and Argentina would renounce the intention to develop a nuclear device and would accept mutual inspections of their respective nuclear facilities.
1977	Brazil Scope Paper: Implications of the Argentine Visit Cyrus Vance - apparently unintentionally - left behind this document while meeting with Brazilian President Geisel. It lays out US negotiations with Argentina to ratify the Treaty of Tlateloco, to accept full scope safeguards and to delay the construction of a reprocessing facility in exchange for US nuclear assistance and Brazil’s acceptance of a moratorium on the construction of a reprocessing facility.
November 30, 1977	Ministry of Foreign Affairs Information to the President, 'Secretary of State Cyrus Vance's Visit' According to a US document left behind by Cyrus Vance, Argentina had agreed to ratify the Treaty of Tlateloco, to accept full scope safeguards and to delay the construction of a reprocessing facility in exchange for US nuclear assistance and Brazil’s acceptance of a moratorium on the construction of a reprocessing facility. Commenting the paper, Foreign Minister Silveira defines US strategy as “irresponsible” and considers it as an encouragement to the rivalry and confrontation between Argentina and Brazil.
1960	Soviet Report, 'Economic Cooperation between Latin America and the Countries of the Socialist Camp' In this draft report circa 1960, the Socialist economic position in Latin America is analyzed.
January 28, 1980	Cable on Meeting Between CNEA President Carlos Madero and Brazilian Ambassador Carlos F. Duarte A cable received from the Brazilian embassy in Buenos Aires, regarding the visit of Admiral Castro Madero, the president of the National Atomic Energy Commission, to Brazil. Ambassador Duarte and Madero discussed nuclear energy and the importance of an eventual cooperation agreement between Brazil and Argentina.
November 18, 1976	Memorandum from Ambassador Figuerero to Castro Madero This memo, produced by the Argentine Ambassador in charge of the Scientific and Technical Affairs Division of the Argentine Foreign Ministry, alerts the Director of the Argentine Nuclear Commission Carlos Castro Madero that the new Carter administration will attempt to exert pressure on Brazil’s nuclear program and hinder its nuclear deal with West Germany. It notes that regardless of Carter’s nuclear policy, Brazil would “try by all means confirm its right to nuclear development.”
September 8, 1986	Memorandum by Director of Global Issues, 'President Sarney and Brazil´s Nuclear Policy' This is a CIA assessment of Brazilian nuclear politics a few weeks before President Sarney's visit to the U.S.