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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Pyongyang photographed in March 20212

East Asia

North Korea

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North Korea August 1956 Plenum Incident

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Kim Il Sung, 1978

Kim, Il Sung

1912- 1994

Uyghur man in Xinjiang

China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

China and the Soviet Union in Xinjiang, 1934-1949

Anastas Mikoyan in 1959

Mikoyan, Anastas Ivanovich

1895- 1978

Sino-Soviet Relations

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Beria, Lavrenty P.

1899- 1953

Soviet Union-North Korea Relations

Portrait of Mao Zedong from propaganda poster

Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

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Yegnarov, Vladimir Stepanovich

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The Kremlin, Russia

Eastern Europe

Russia

North Korea-China friendship celebrated at the DPRK mass games

China-North Korea Relations

Sino-Soviet Alliance, 1950-1959

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Korean Worker's Party Central Committee (KWP CC)

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Ukrainian Motherland Monument, Kyiv

Eastern Europe

Ukraine

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July 1993	Statement on Security Guarantees to Ukraine
October 5, 1945	L. Beria to Cde. V.M. Molotov Beria writes that Osman Batur does not intend to recognize the East Turkestan Republic. Instead, Osman will create an independent state in Altai, in part due to the support of Choibalsan.
June 21, 1992	Assessment of the General Staff of the Navy on Russo-Japanese relations and the problems of territorial delimitation between Russia and Japan This document highlights the Russian military’s concerns about the potential of losing the Southern Kurils to the Japanese. The document stresses that Japan still sees Russia as its most probable enemy in the Far East, and has plans to capture the islands in wartime. Losing these islands would present formidable obstacles to the Soviet Union because the Japanese and their American allies would have direct and unimpeded access to the Sea of Okhotsk, while the Russians would be prevented from conducting air attacks against U.S. aircraft carrier force east of the Tsugaru Strait. The document also provides statistics on Soviet-US submarine collisions and Japanese violations of Soviet/Russian territorial waters.
January 9, 1991	Conversation between Aleksandr Yakovlev and Kumagai Hiroshi In this conversation Ozawa Ichiro's envoy Kumagai Hiroshi outlines a potential islands-for-cash deal, whereby the Soviet Union surrenders the "northern territories" to Japan in return for Japanese credits and investments up to the amount of 26 billion USD.
September 16, 1956	Cable from Cde. Mikoyan from Beijing concerning the 8th CCP Congress and Conversations with the Chinese Comrades Mikoyan reports on a conversation with Mao Zedong concerning purges within the Korean Workers' Party and Kim Il Sung's leadership style.
September 18, 1956	Draft Telegram from A. Mikoyan to the CPSU Central Committee
September 17, 1956	Conversation with the Delegation of the Korean Worker's Party at the 8th CCP Congress Mikoyan and Choe Yong-geon dominate the discussion between the two delegations. While Mikoyan tries to learn the exact chronology of the events that transpired at the August Plenum, Choe avoids providing clear replies and instead stresses the gravity of the "conspiracy" planned by the accused.
September 19, 1956	Telegram from A. Mikoyan to the CPSU Central Committee Mao Zedong reveals that several Korean Workers' Party members have been placed under arrest, including Pak Il-u, who is looked favorably upon by the CCP. Sino-North Korean relations have become strained as a result of Kim Il Sung's handling of the August Plenun Incident. Mao admits to Mikoyan that the Korean Workers' Party leadership may not heed their advice, but they decide to send a joint delegation to Pyongyang the next morning.
September 20, 1956	Record of a Meeting between the Sino-Soviet Delegation and the Korean Workers' Party Presidium Both Mikoyan and Peng Dehuai strongly urge the KWP Presidium and Kim Il Sung to consider rehabilitating those involved in the August Plenum Incident. Choe Yong-geon suggests that they will be restored to the Central Committee, but not necessarily to their original positions, and certainly not to the Presidium. As for those who fled to China, both Choe and Kim say that they will be allowed to rejoin the party, but not the Central Committee and will not be guaranteed their old positions.
September 15, 1956	Decision of the KWP CC Plenum, 30-31 August 1956, 'The Results of the Work of the Government Delegation which Visited Fraternal Countries, and Some Pressing Tasks of Our Party' The resolution discusses economic growth in North Korea and the promises of fraternal aid, while warning of the dangers of factionalism to the preservation of Marxism-Leninism.