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South Asia

Afghanistan

Afghan resistance fighters return to a village destroyed by Soviet forces

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Soviet Union. Communist Party. Central Committee (CPSU CC). Politburo

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Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

Andrei Gromyko at the UN, 1981

Gromyko, Andrei Andreevich

1909- 1989

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Zaikov, L. N. (Lev Nikolaevich)

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Shevardnadze, Eduard Amvrosievich

1928- 2014

Leonid Brezhnev, 1974.

Brezhnev, Leonid Il'ich

1906- 1982

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South Asia

Pakistan

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Middle East

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

The Taj Mahal Shrine in Agra, India.

South Asia

India

Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

Mitrokhin Archive

Soviet Foreign Policy

President Ronald Reagan, Vice-President Bush, and oviet General Secretary Gorbachev

United States-Soviet Relations

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January 14, 1989	Memorandum of Conversation between Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze and Najibullah and other Afghan Leaders on 13-14 January 1989 (Excerpt) Shevardnadze, Najibullah and others discuss the possibility of Soviet forces providing security for vital cargo deliveries along the Hairaton-Kabul highway, which passes through territory controlled by Ahmad Shah Masoud's forces.
August 1988	Report from General Valentin Varennikov to Soviet Defense Minister Dmitri T. Yazov (Excerpt) Varennikov reports on problems with the Afghan forces, including excessive demands for additional weapons and equipment and the unreliability of Afghan troops.
December 27, 1979	Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union Announcement, Attachment to CPSU Politburo Protocol #177 The USSR and Afghanistan formed a permanent relationship to combat counter-revolutionaries who attempt to undo the April Revolution. This relationship began with the Treaty of Friendship in 1978.
March 20, 1979	Record of Conversation between L.I. Brezhnev and N.M. Taraki, 20 March 1979 After the more general meeting of the same day, Brezhnev and Taraki meet to further discuss the situation in Afghanistan. Brezhnev advises Taraki to widen the base of the government's support among the people through political and economic means. Taraki reaffirms his current position, which includes open borders with Iran and Pakistan as well as the policy of persecution within Afghanistan.
April 21, 1979	Protocol #150 of the CC CPSU Politburo Session, 21 April 1979 Concerns helicopter and ammunition deliveries from the Soviet Union to Afghanistan.
January 7, 1979	CPSU CC Politburo Decision on Draft Telegram to the Soviet Embassy in Afghanistan, 07 January 1979 CPSU CC Politburo approves a draft telegram to be sent to the Soviet ambassador in Afghanistan, instructing him to inform the Afghani leadership on the nature of Soviet assistance to the Afghan armed forces.
March 20, 1979	Meeting of Kosygin, Gromyko, Ustinov, and Ponomarev with Taraki in Moscow Meeting of Kosygin, Gromyko, Ustinov, and Ponomarev with Taraki in Moscow to discuss the deterioration of the situation in Afghanistan and expressing Soviet support for Afghanistan.
May 24, 1979	CPSU CC Protocol #152/159, 24 May 1979, and Instructions to Soviet Ambassador in Afghanistan CPSU CC Politburo protocol approving of additional military assistance for Afghanistan. Also includes instruction to the Soviet Ambassador in Afghanistan to visit Taraki and inform him that the Soviet Union will be sending military aid but no Soviet crews and troops
January 1, 1989	A January 1989 USSR Council of Ministers Instruction A decision authorizing military aid, totaling 6 million Soviet rubles.
February 16, 1980	Ciphered Telegram, Embassy of Hungary in India to the Hungarian Foreign Ministry A report from the Hungarian Embassy in India explaining that in the view of the Indian government, the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan threatens regional stability as it could invite American and/or Chinese intervention.