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Eastern Europe

Poland

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

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Gomułka, Władysław

1905- 1982

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

Southeast Asia

Vietnam

Nicolae Ceausescu, 1974

Ceaușescu, Nicolae

1918- 1989

Cuba's National Capitol Building, January 2010.

Central America and Caribbean

Cuba

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Eastern Europe

Romania

Warsaw Pact

Trade agreement between European Economic Community and China

China-Europe Relations

Zhao Ziyang on a tour of East Germany in June 1987.

China-Eastern Europe Relations

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Castro Ruz, Raul Modesto

1931-

Nikita Khrushchev at the UNGA, 1962.

Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich

1894- 1971

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Polish United Workers’ Party (PUWP)

-

September 1980 crisis in Poland

1980-81 Polish Crisis

Sino-Soviet Relations

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Documents

1956	Visit to the United Kingdom of Bulganin and Khrushchev, 19-27 April 1956 UK record of discussions with a Soviet delegation including Bulganin and Khrushchev.
October 13, 1944	Record of Meeting Held at Spiridonovka House on 13 October at 5 p.m. M. Mikolajczyk discusses the Polish memorandum regarding the reconstruction and internal affairs of post-war Poland, Stalin reprimands Mikolajczyk for the extralegal approval of this memorandum. Churchill defends the memorandum, Stalin criticizes it, and Mikolajczyk emphasizes Poland's sovereignty as well as the legitimacy of the underground government in occupied Poland. Contentious discussion on the issue of the Curzon Line between Stalin and Mikolajczyk--Churchill acts as a mediator.
January 26, 1966	Letter from Nicolae Ceausescu to Comrade Wladislaw Gomulka, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers Party, Warsaw This letter is the response of Nicolae Ceausescu to Wladislaw Gomulka to his letter of January 5th, in which he states that he does not wish to involve Romania in the relations between China and Poland, but requests to be kept informed of the Vietnamese response to the outreach effort of the Warsaw Pact and Asian socialist countries.
January 5, 1966	Letter from the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers Party to Comrade Nicolae Ceausescu, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Romanian Communist Party This letter sent from Wladislaw Gomulka to Nicolae Ceausescu requests Romanian support in the effort to unite the socialist countries of Asia and the Warsaw Pact, through relations with China, to counter United States' aggression in Vietnam in solidarity with the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
January 7, 1966	Transcript of the Discussions on the Occasion of the Reception by Comrade N. Ceausescu of I. Czesak, Member of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers Party (P.U.W.P.) This transcript is of the discussion between Nicolae Ceausescu and I. Czesak at the reception of the Polish official in Romania, in which they discuss the possibility of uniting the socialist countries of Europe and Asia, and the recent visit of an American envoy to Warsaw in order to discuss the situation in Vietnam.
August 22, 1989	Report of the Embassy of Romania in Warsaw to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 0145 hr Romanian Ambassador to Poland Ion Tesu reports on the Polish response to Ceaușescu's 19 August message to all of the socialist countries. Includes a written response from the PUWP leadership
March 9, 1984	Polish Central Committee Report, 'The Battle against the Influence of Ideological and Propaganda Subversion on Polish Society (Counterpropaganda)' This Central Committee Information Department document contains an analysis of “Western propaganda” during martial law. While claiming that Polish society is “stabilizing,” the Department recommends increased research, analysis, and coordinated publications to counter Western ideological “subversion.”
August 16, 1961	Cable from the Party Committee at the Chinese Embassy in Poland, 'Regarding the Results of Discussions related to the Situation in Poland over the Past Six Months' The Chinese Embassy reviews Poland's foreign and domestic policies, and concludes that the "Polish United Workers’ Party leadership has a fairly systematic right-deviating brand of nationalism."
December 2, 1961	Cable from the Chinese Embassy in Poland, 'Opinions on the Ninth Congress of the Polish Party' The Chinese Embassy in Poland reports that "Gomułka will absolutely continue to follow Khrushchev in opposing China and Albania."
March 10, 1970	Report about an Internal Consultation of the Representatives of the International Departments of the Central Committees of the CPSU, BKP, SED, MPRP, PZPR, MSZMP, and the CP Czech in Warsaw This East German report, issued after the Interkit meeting in Warsaw, addresses the situation in China under the leadership of Mao Zedong. Among the issues discussed are the ninth congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Mao's anti-Soviet foreign policy, especially China's relations with the US and West Germany. The ninth congress of the CCP is said to have stabilized Mao's position and is seen as the founding congress of a new party. Among other topics, the delegates also discuss ways to improve anti-Maoist propaganda.