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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

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Soviet Union

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United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Intelligence Operations in the Cold War

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Poland

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Eastern Europe

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Eastern Europe

Bulgaria

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

Ryszard Kukliński Collection

Emir Farid Chehab

Emir Farid Chehab Collection

Todor Zhivkov Collection

East German Uprising

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

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United States. Department of State. Bureau of Intelligence and Research

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National Security Council (U.S.)

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Zhivkov, Todor

1911- 1998

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Documents

May 24, 1972	[Report on Warsaw Pact] Presentation about the information (intelligence) concerning Warsaw Pact's military potential, explained at the meeting of NATO Defence Planning Committee (Bruxelles, 24th May 1972) This rather technical document compares the strategic capabilities (conventional and nuclear) of Warsaw Pact and NATO. The document notes that Warsaw Pact has considerably increased its capabilities catching up with the West, and raises the question about Soviet intentions, and whether continuing armament is in line with peaceful coexistence.
March 13, 1948	Message, Chamberlin to Headquarters, European Command Director of the US Army’s Intelligence Division at the Pentagon, Lieutenant General Stephen J. Chamberlin, instructed American military attachés from eight European capitals to meet with one of his subordinates, Colonel Riley F. Ennis, for a conference in Frankfurt am Main in Germany on March 24 to discuss intelligence matters pertaining to Soviet activities in Germany.
June 14, 1980	Information about the USA's Failed Military Operation in Iran Detailed report on the failures and proposed outline of an aborted American mission to free hostages held in the American Embassy in Tehran.
July 12, 1975	Telegram from Yugoslav Ambassador in Mogadishu Hocevar Belgrade’s envoy to Mogadishu outlines the potential Somali rationale behind the invitation of Western observers to inspect Soviet facilities in Berbera. International attention surrounded the facilities following rumors and intelligence that the port was actually a military base.
December 23, 1965	Telegram from John F. Root, Office of Northern African Affairs, 'Subject: Bulgarian Fronting For Russian Interests in Ethiopia' Observations by Israeli and US diplomats of the Soviet Union's attempt at indirect economic penetration of Ethiopia during the mid-1960s. The Ethiopian regime was suspicious of Soviet intervention, thus they had to resort to the help of the East European states, in this case Bulgaria.
October 10, 1962	Speech by Senator Keating, "Cuba" Keating alleges that there are six IRBM bases being constructed by the Soviet Union in Cuba.
November 27, 1973	Mike Malone to Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Pretoria, 'Angola: The Progress of the War'
September 1, 1945	Jakub Berman's Letter to Stalin: A Report on the Situation in Poland and Request for Advice and Help Jakub Berman, leading Polish communist, writes to Stalin a detailed list of events occuring in Poland dealing with the stability of the Post-War communist government.
March 3, 1967	Research Memorandum REU-14 from Thomas L. Hughes to the Secretary, 'How Major NATO Countries View the Prospect of an ABM Deployment' Despite new information that the Soviet Union was deploying anti-ballistic missile defenses around Moscow, the United States had not yet decided to deploy its own ABM defenses (although a decision would be made later in the year) and there was some hope that U.S.-Soviet talks would prevent an ABM race. If, however, talks failed, some NATO allies worried about the “adverse consequences” of an ABM race, especially whether having an ABM system might incline Washington toward risk taking.
March 20, 1967	Research Memorandum REU-16 from George C. Denney, Jr., to the Secretary, 'Swedish Decision to Cut Military Spending Causes Defense Review, Reduces Likelihood of Nuclear Weapons Acquisition' The Swedish government rejected Supreme Commander Torsten Rapp’s proposals to fund a nuclear weapons program. This INR report from March 1967 on proposed cuts in defense spending suggested that the possibility that Sweden would acquire nuclear weapons had grown even more remote.