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Southern Africa

South Africa

South African Nuclear History

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North America

United States

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Middle East

Israel

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Central Africa

Angola

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Eastern Africa

Rhodesia

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Western Europe

Great Britain

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Botha, P. W. (Pieter Willem)

1916- 2006

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Mugabe, Robert Gabriel

1924-

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Botha, R. F. (Roelof Frederik) ("Pik")

1932-

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Vorster, B. J. (Balthazar Johannes)

1915- 1983

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Malan, Magnus

1930- 2011

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Reagan, Ronald

1911- 2004

Israeli Nuclear History

Cuba and Southern Africa

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The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference

Indian Nuclear History

Brazilian Nuclear History

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April 3, 1975	Israel-South Africa Agreement (ISSA) Agreement between the South African and Israeli Ministers of Defense that outlines the two nations’ cooperation on nuclear issues.
March 1975	Memorandum, Lt-General Raymond Fullarton Armstrong, US Department of Defense, Israel-South Africa A memorandum written by Chief of the Defense Staff Lt-General Raymond Fullarton Armstrong describes South Africa's nuclear weapons systems needs and outlines the rationale for having a nuclear deterrent.
July 20, 1970	South African Department of Foreign Affairs, Announcement by South African Prime Minister Vorster Announcement by South African Prime Minister Vorster outlines the country’s approach to marketing and selling enriched uranium. He describes a unique process by which South African scientists can create a highly enriched “uranium concentrate.”
May 1967	South African Department of Foreign Affairs, 'Items of Interest in the Field of Atomic Energy' Summary of the communication between South African and American policymakers regarding the renewal of the Atomic Energy Cooperation Agreement. The renewal of the previous agreement was contingent on South Africa reforming its safeguards policy and modeling them after the Canadian and US policies.
March 18, 1967	South African Department of Foreign Affairs, 'Nuclear Proliferation Problem' Summary of the United States-South Africa Atomic Energy Bilateral. South Africa's sale of source material to France was the subject of some disagreement between the two parties, with the Americans worried that sale of this material would be in violation of the non-proliferation treaty.
July 29, 1979	Minutes of Todor Zhivkov – Robert Mugabe Conversation, Sofia Robert Mugabe - leader of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and future president of Zimbabwe - visits Bulgarian and meets with Todor Zhivkov. Mugabe discusses the progress of the conflict in Zimbabwe and requests Bulgarian military support for his forces. Zhivkov expresses concern about the division of the Zimbabwean forces into two separate and competing military groups and advises him to unite with Joshua Nkomo's Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU).
April 3, 1977	Fidel Castro's 1977 Southern Africa Tour: A Report to Honecker (excerpt) The following excerpt--from a discussion on 3 April 1977 at the House of the SED Central Committee in East Berlin--contains Castro's impressions of the situations in several southern African countries, (e.g., Tanzania, Angola, Mozambique, People's Republic of the Congo), and several guerrilla or liberation groups in the region, such as the African National Congress (ANC), then struggling for power in South Africa, and two groups fighting to rule Zimbabwe-Rhodesia, the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and the Zimbabwe African Political Union (ZAPU). Also included are Castro's assessments of individual political leaders, remarks about coordination with Moscow, and an over-all conclusion that Africa was the place to inflict a major blow against world imperialism.