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Southern Africa

South Africa

South African Nuclear History

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Photograph of the Port of Jaffa in Israel.

Middle East

Israel

Presidential Office Building of Taiwan

East Asia

Taiwan

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin, Joseph

1879- 1953

Aerial photograph of CIA headquarters

United States. Central Intelligence Agency

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Handshake between Mao Zedong and Richard Nixon

Sino-American Cooperation, 1972-1989

Photograph of President Ronald Reagan

Reagan, Ronald

1911- 2004

A photo of Joseph Stalin from 1943

Stalin and the Cold War

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Peres, Shimon

1923-

American diplomat William Averell Harriman

Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell)

1891- 1986

Michal Onderco

Onderco, Michal

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Indian Nuclear History

Photograph from the 1995 NPT Review Conference

The 1995 NPT Review and Extension Conference

Group photo from the Arms Control and Regional Security Working Group Operational Basket Meeting, Antalya, Turkey, April 4-6, 1995.

ACRS Oral History Project

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June 23, 1952	Summary of Conversation between Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai and Indian Commissioner T.N. Kaul Zhang Hanfu and K.M. Panikkar discuss the status of Tibet between China and India.
October 17, 1956	Letter from Nguyen Thai Loc to Lt. General Choi Duk Shin Nguyen Thai Loc reports that rice for victims of flooding will be donated to South Korea by South Vietnam.
April 10, 1978	Letter from the Representatives of Canada, France, Federal Republic of Germany, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America to the President of the UN Security Council on Proposed Resolution on Namibia Letter from Western powers delineating their plan for implementation of Security Council Resolution 365, on Namibian independence. Includes processes for holding elections, the creation of the United Nations Special Representative, and transition of power over to the government of Namibia.
May 8, 1954	Letter, President Syngman Rhee to General Van Fleet The United States has appropriated the ROK a billion dollars’ worth of weapons and supplies. Rhee gives General Van Fleet full control of these funds and encourages him to help transform the ROK into a self-supporting nation. Instead of buying Japanese goods, Korea should set-up her own arms and ammunition producing machines.
September 23, 1957	Report on Meetings Between Chinese and Soviet Representatives on Rocket Production Record of four meetings with Chinese defense officials who were seeking Russian assistance in the production of guided missiles in Chinese factories. The discuss Sino-Soviet collaboration in the education and preparation of specialists, the staffing of military research institutes, the construction of defense-related factories, and the sharing of technology. Arrangements for the sale of R-2 and S-75 missiles were also discussed.
September 27, 1985	Resolution of the International Atomic Energy Agency General Conference on South Africa’s Nuclear Capabilities Alarmed that South Africa may be capable of developing nuclear weapons, the IAEA calls upon South Africa to submit its nuclear facitilies to agency safeguards, and calls upon all IAEA member states to hault nuclear cooperation with South Africa.
May 18, 1983	Letter from South African Defence Minister Magnus Malan to Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Arens South African Defence Minister Magnus Malan writes to Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Arens regarding the imbalance of military trade between Israel and South Africa.
April 1983	Draft letter from South African Defence Minister Magnus Malan to Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Arens South African Defence Minister Magnus Malan writes to new Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Arens expressing the hope that relations with Israel may be strengthened and expanded under his tenure. Malan express concern about the military trade imbalance, stating that "it is of such a proportion that my government must of needs consider alternatives."
April 7, 1983	Letter from Israeli Defense Minister Moshe Arens to South African Defense Minister Magnus Malan (redacted) In this redacted letter, Israeli Minister of Defense Moshe Arens writes to South African Minister of Defence Magnus Malan with concerns about difficulties with a project and South Africa's concerns about achieving a reciprocal balance of trade between the two countries.
March 30, 1983	CIA Report, 'New Information on South Africa’s Nuclear Program and South African-Israeli Nuclear and Military Cooperation' (redacted) CIA report summaries new information on Israel-South African nuclear cooperation. According to the report, South Africa formerly launched its weapons program in 1973, and paused it in 1979 following the international discovery of the Kalahari nuclear test site. Military cooperation between South Africa and Israel is believed to be extensive, with continual contact between personnel and the large-scale sale of arms. Aside from the South African sale of depleted uranium to Israel in the mid-1970s, the CIA had no hard evidence of nuclear cooperation between the two.