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Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Zhou Enlai and Gamal Abdel Nasser

China and the Middle East/North Africa

Photograph of Zhou Enlai in 1972.

Zhou, Enlai

1898- 1976

The Algerian Revolution and the Communist Bloc

Conversations with Zhou Enlai

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Western Europe

France

The Second Asian-African Conference

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Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

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The Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2012.

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Nasser, Gamal Abdel

1918- 1970

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Ben Bella, Ahmed

1916- 2012

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Mao, Zedong

1893- 1976

Conversations with Mao Zedong

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

International Dimensions of Decolonization in the Middle East and North Africa

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Norodom Sihanouk, Prince

1922- 2012

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Bouteflika, Abdelaziz

1937-

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1959	The Internationalization of the Algerian Problem and Its Inscription on the Agenda of the General Assembly of the United Nations from 1957-1959 Detailed summary charting the development of United Nations debates and discussions about the Algerian problem, from 1957-1959, told from an Algerian perspective. Narrates the context and time-line of key events spurring four UN debates on the Algerian problem (from the first, in February 1957, to the fourth, in 1959). Focuses heavily on the foreign policy of France, under Charles De Gaulle's government, highlighting France's reluctance to negotiate, and recognize the independence of Algeria, and France's objections to the United Nation's recognition of Algerian independence.
1962	The Algerian Problem: Comparison with the Chinese Struggle Document comparing the Algerian struggle against France with that of China, arguing that the Algerian struggle cannot be compared, and is much more difficult than that of the Chinese. Asserts that Algerian situation is unique and unprecedented, in terms of colonized struggles, and that the Algerian revolution both represents, more generally, Africa's revolutionary hopes and that it has gained the support of communists, who hope to see Western powers swept from the African continent. Concludes by saying that Algeria's success rests on two factors; the FLN, and foreign support from anti-colonial forces from around the world.
November 8, 1960	Report from the General Secretary, ‘Our Diplomatic Action’ November 8th, 1960 memo explaining the status of Algerian diplomatic relations. Notes that Algeria's current diplomatic position is very strong, and one of its best assets. Warns that France will try to undermine foreign assistance to Algeria in order to isolate the GPRA in French-Algerian negotiations. Concludes by suggesting that Algeria maintain consultation with sympathetic countries before making decisions, to strengthen mutual trust and alliances. Gives a list of governments to consult before making major decisions, including all Arab countries, China, USSR, Vietnam, Guinea, Ghana, and Indonesia.
September 1, 1960	Letter to the GPRA Prime Minister, ‘Mission Summary’ A letter to the Algerian Prime Minister, describing diplomatic meetings in Cairo with ambassadors from China and the Soviet Union. In meeting with Chinese ambassador, discusses China's delivery of supplies and war materials for Algerians, Chinese training of Algerian communications technicians, and economic arrangements between the two countries. In meeting with Soviet ambassador, Algerian ambassador requests a specific list of weapons provided by the USSR from 1956-58, and other general areas of Soviet assistance for the Algerian cause.
April 20, 1961	Notes of Meeting between Boussouf, Benaouda, and Belhocine and the Chinese Ambassador Minutes of a meeting, on April 20, 1961, between Algerian representatives, Boussouf, Benaouda, and Belhocine, and a Chinese ambassador. In the meeting, which was called to discuss issues regarding weapons supplies from the Chinese, both sides discuss ensuing negotiations between Algeria and France. Also mentioned is Algeria's meeting with a United States ambassador, and the United States desire for compromise between Algeria and France.
January 18, 1962	Note to the GPRA Minister of Foreign Affairs, ‘Mission to Cuba' Report from Lakhdar Brahimi -- GPRA representative at celebration of Cuban revolution in Havana -- on meeting with Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, both of whom express considerable interest in Algerian revolution. Fidel Castro pledges Cuban support, both material and diplomatic, advises Algeria on how to proceed in negotiations with France, and strongly encourages the opening of an Algerian diplomatic mission in Cuba. Brahimi concludes with recommendations on how best to respond to Cuban suggestions and an outline of potential strategic benefits from a diplomatic relationship between two countries.
July 1996	A. Bouzid, ‘Summary of Armament during the 1954 Revolution' Summarizes the logistical process and efforts of armament for the Algerian revolution, from 1947-1962. Lists the various countries who supplied the Algerians with weapons and ammunition, including Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Libya, East Germany, and China. Outlines, in detail, the processes for transporting weapons across borders, the logistical structure of departments handling distribution and supply of weapons for the revolution, and modes of transport for these supplies.
June 18, 1961	Appendix to 'Summary of Meeting between Ambassador to Arab States Kiesewetter and General Secretary Belhocine and Head of Bureau Waker' Note from Algeria's Socialist Countries Bureau describing the June 17, 1961 meeting with the GDR Ambassador to Arab Countries. Note explains that the East German government is contemplating the unilateral "de jure" recognition of Algeria's government, and recommends that Algeria does not oppose this recognition.
June 17, 1961	Summary of Meeting between Ambassador to Arab States Kiesewetter and General Secretary Belhocine and Head of Bureau Waker Summary of a June 17, 1961 meeting between Algeria (represented by General Secretary Belhocine and Head of Bureau Waker) and East Germany (represented by Ambassador to Arab States, Kiesewetter). The two sides discuss the suspension of the Evian negotiations between France and Algeria, East Germany's assistance for Algerian refugees in Morocco, and GDR-Algerian governmental relations. Ambassador Kiesewetter also expresses GDR's desire to peacefully coexist with West Germany in Berlin.
May 16, 1961	Summary of Meeting between Third Secretary Hassenkhe and Head of Socialist Countries Bureau Yaker Summary of 27 April 1961 meeting between East German Third Secretary, Hassenkhe, and Algerian Head of Socialist Countries Bureau, Layachi Yaker. Algerian government describes Algerian socialist organizations as "counter-revolutionary." Summary references East German establishment of Red Cross delegation in Morocco as unofficial channel for providing Algeria with material assistance.