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Uyghur man in Xinjiang

China

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

Portrait of Mao Zedong on Tiananmen Gate in Beijing, China, 1972.

East Asia

China

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

China and the Soviet Union in Xinjiang, 1934-1949

The Yi-ta Incident, 1962

Sino-Soviet Relations

Sino-Soviet Split, 1960-1984

Photograph fo Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Beijing

China. Foreign Ministry

1949-

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Alptekin, Isa Yusuf

1901- 1995

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Lattimore, Owen

1900- 1989

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Chervonenko, Stepan V.

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Uyghur intellectual Abdurehim Äysa

“Local Nationalism" in Xinjiang, 1957-1958

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Zhang, Hanfu

1906- 1972

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China. State Council

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PRC State Council Gazettes, 1954-1999

Aerial view of National Mall

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Presidential Office Building of Taiwan

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September 22, 1956	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1956, No. 34 (Overall Issue No. 60) This issue features the text of a resolution to support the Soviet call for disarmament that passed through the National People's Congress. It also includes a joint statement about relations with Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and summarizes a government visit to Tibet. Other sections address strengthening agricultural production cooperatives, problems in education, and provincial administrative concerns, such as the creation of Linxia Autonomous Prefecture for Hui Muslims in Gansu.
June 29, 1956	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1956, No. 24 (Overall Issue No. 50) In this issue, Zhou Enlai congratulates Gamal Abdel Nasser on the final withdrawal of foreign troops from Egypt. Several sections cover factory safety and various administrative concerns, such as dividing Inner Mongolia into different banners.
June 11, 1956	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1956, No. 22 (Overall Issue No. 48) This issue addresses Sino-Cambodian trade and ways that the UN Command forces then sought to block the peaceful reunification of Korea. It also discusses the 1956 election and enrollment in night schools and colleges. Other sections cover a holiday for amateur writers and preparations for a research institute dedicated to the study of minority languages.
May 15, 1956	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1956, No. 18 (Overall Issue No. 44) This issue addresses the organization of a local People's Congress and People's Committees for the Xiangxi Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan. It also includes plans to implement a cultural and entertainment tax with two-year exemptions for Chinese opera, dramas, Western opera, dance, music, folk theater, and acrobatics. Other sections consider a piece-rate pay system for workers on state-owned mechanized farms and problems with improving secondary education.
March 10, 1956	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1956, No. 09 (Overall Issue No. 35) This issue features a political report from Zhou Enlai, which discusses the Five-Year Plan, the transformation of Chinese intellectuals, the United States, and Taiwan. It also conveys instructions from the Department of Higher Education, the Ministry of Health, the Sports Committee, and the New Democracy Youth League (later the Communist Youth League) to further develop sports in colleges and universities. Other sections cover various administrative concerns, including the division of districts in Shanghai, the establishment of Guixi Tong Autonomous Prefecture in Guangxi, and the transfer of towns from Jilin Province to Inner Mongolia.
August 10, 1955	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1955, No. 12 (Overall Issue No. 15) This issue begins with an order to reorganize county and district public security forces into the "People's Armed Police." The State Council also responds to questions about providing vacation time for Muslim holidays in Guangxi province and discusses various educational matters. One section features instructions for the management of "reactionary, obscene, or absurd" books and images.
April 21, 1955	Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 1955, No. 5 (Overall Issue No. 8) This issue begins with an announcement from Mao Zedong to end the state of war between China and Germany. It then features several reports about the Bandung Asian-African Conference in Indonesia, including a statement about the bomb explosion that sought to target Zhou Enlai on the way there. Other sections cover topics such as Sino-Indian relations, the creation of a Third Ministry of Machine Building to oversee developments in aviation, and the establishment of ethnic autonomous areas.
February 17, 1970	Answer Written by W. E. Timmons, Assisstant Of Richard M. Nixon, the President Of The United States, to John M. Murphy’s Letter Answer by William E. Simmons to the letter sent by John M. Murphy about Yusuf Isa Alptekin's memorandum, as published in Isa Yusuf Alptekin's Turkish language book "Doğu Türkistan İnsanlıktan Yardım İstiyor" (East Turkistan Expects Help from Humankind).
February 6, 1970	Letter Sent by John M. Murphy, Representative of New York, to President Richard M. Nixon as Attachment to Isa Alptekin's Memorandum A copy of the letter sent by John M. Murphy to Richard Nixon, as published in Isa Yusuf Alptekin's Turkish language book "Doğu Türkistan İnsanlıktan Yardım İstiyor" (East Turkistan Expects Help from Humankind).
July 12, 1969	Isa Yusuf Alptekin, 'Memorandum Sent to Richard Nixon, President of the United States of America' Memorandum sent by Isa Yusuf Alptekin, President of the Center for the Liberation of East Turkestan, to President Richard Nixon about the necessity to include the people of East Turkestan among 'captive nations.' This letter was published in Isa Yusuf Alptekin's Turkish language book "Doğu Türkistan İnsanlıktan Yardım İstiyor" (East Turkistan Expects Help from Humankind).