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Western Europe

Germany

Soviet soldier taking a photograph of another soldier in Red Square, Moscow, 1959

Eastern Europe

Soviet Union

Aerial view of National Mall

North America

United States

Photograph of Helmut Kohl, 1982.

Kohl, Helmut

1930- 2017

Mikhail Gorbachev, 1986

Gorbachev, Mikhail Sergeevich

1931- 2022

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Western Europe

France

Official portrait for President George H.W. Bush, 1989.

Bush, George H.W.

1924- 2018

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Hartmann, Peter

1935-

The Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in Berlin

Eastern Europe

East Germany

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Western Europe

Great Britain

François Mitterrand in 1983

Mitterrand, François

1916- 1996

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Yeltsin, Boris

1931- 2007

Photograph of Gorbachev-Bush summit at Malta, 1989

End of the Cold War

George H.W. Bush and Lech Walesa

CIA Reports on the Collapse of Communism in Europe

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December 3, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Telephone Conversation with President Mikhail Gorbachev, Tuesday, 3 December 1991, 14:05 – 14:15 Hours Kohl and Gorbachev talk about Ukraine's desire for independence and its ramifications. They also examine Gorbachev's ideas for further reforms in the Soviet Union.
November 25, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with the President of Bosnia-Hercegovina, Mr. Alia Izetbegovic, Bonn, 22 November 1991, 12.00 - 13.10 Hours Kohl and Izetbegovic discuss the Yugoslavia War, EC sanctions, the potential extension of the war including Bosnia-Hercegovina as well as ideas for a "Marshall Plan" after the end of the war.
November 25, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Russian President Yeltsin on Thursday, 21 November 1991 Kohl and Yeltsin discuss Russia-Ukraine relations, Russian debt and finance issues, the question of Volga-Germans and the release of Honecker from the Chilean embassy.
November 13, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Spanish Prime Minister Felipe Gonzales on Wednesday, 13 November 1991 Kohl and Gonzalez discuss the implications of the Yuguslavia War on the cohesion of the European Community. Both have a shared concern that the EC could be torn apart. Eventually, they discuss preparations for the Europoean Council in Maastricht in December 1991.
November 7, 1991	Memorandum of Conversation between the President [George H.W. Bush] and Helmut Kohl et al, November 7, 1991, 5:35-6:00 p.m. Kohl and Bush talk about the NATO summit, the creation of a European pillar in NATO, the war in Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union's disintegration.
November 9, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with President Bush on 7 November 1991 at the NATO Summit in Rome Kohl and Bush talk about the NATO summit, the creation of a European pillar in NATO, the war in Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union's disintegration.
October 21, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with President Patricio Aylwin, Santiago de Chile, 21 October 1991, 09:30 – 11:00 hours Kohl and Aylwin discuss Honecker's release from the Chilean embassy in Moscow. Kohl recollects his personal meetings with Honecker, in particular the latter's 1987 visit in Bonn. Moreover, Kohl reflects on his inner-German trade policy and its impact for the GDR's demise, especially the billion DM loan for the GDR in 1983.
October 18, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Egypt’s President Mubarak on Thursday, 17 October 1991, 11:00 – 14:00 hours Kohl and Mubarak discuss the overall situation in the Midle East after the Gulf War. Mubarak shares his insights examining the positions and competing interests of Israel, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Syria and Saudi Arabia.
October 9, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with the President of Slovenia, Milan Kucan, on Tuesday, 8 October 1991 Kohl and Kucan discuss the disintegration of Yugoslavia and emphasize the need for minority rights, self determination and the non-use of force. Kohl explains his position arguing that Germany must not be "singularized" in its diplomacy.
October 8, 1991	The Chancellor's [Helmut Kohl's] Meeting with Croatian Foreign Minister Separovic on Monday, 7 October 1991 Kohl and Separovic examine the situation in Croatia against the backdrop of the fact that the Yugoslavian People's Army was just 30km away from Zagreb. Separovic asks for assistance and international recognition.